Supermodel

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Definition

A supermodel is a highly paid fashion model in an elite group that has a worldwide reputation. According to Model: The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women by Michael Gross, the first known use of the term was in the 1940s in a how-to book for models by an agent named Clyde Matthew Dessner. In an article in Glamour magazine in 1968, the author described Twiggy, Cheryl Tiegs, Verushka, Jean Shrimpton and fifteen other top models as "Supermodels". The term "Supermodel" gained currency by analogy with Andy Warhol's "superstars" of the 1960s, and, like "superstardom", it has been wrongly concatenated to include almost anyone who finds steady access to work, with top designers, fashion magazines and commercial clients; uncommon in the highly volatile fashion industry. In the early 60s the term "top models" was used by magazines/fashion critics to define famous and highly paid models, long before the term "supermodel" became popular. Today, these two terms are used to define two different groups. "Supermodels" according to Tyra Banks are famous highly paid models, and "top models" are noted fashion models.

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Many claim that Janice Dickinson has the right to the title of first supermodel since she is credited with the coining the term in 1979. However, as shown by the 1940s book by Dessner, she did not coin the phrase, but gained wide notoriety by publicly proclaiming herself as "The World's First Supermodel". She has done extensive work including 37 covers of Vogue. Still others claim Lisa Fonssagrives to be the world's first supermodel; none has surpassed her over 200 covers of Vogue alone. She was in every fashion magazine during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s from Town and Country, Life, Vogue, and the original Vanity Fair to the cover of Time magazine. Jean Shrimpton, Colleen Corby, Twiggy as well as Veruschka (all from the mid-Sixties) also have claim to the title of Supermodel. Image:Heidi Klum - GQ Cover.jpg Supermodels are, almost by definition, sex symbols. Supermodels of today are globally famous, and often parlay their celebrity into product endorsement deals and acting careers. Examples include Twiggy, Milla Jovovich, Elle Macpherson, Tyra Banks, Rebecca Romijn, Amber Valletta, Cindy Crawford, Kathy Ireland, and Rachel Hunter.

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History

While the term gained popularity in the 1980s, a number of models had become famous in their own right as far back as the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Lauren Hutton, Lisa Fonssagrives, Dorian Leigh, Cathee Dahmen, Suzy Parker, Mary Jane Russell, Susanne Erichsen, Inga Lindgren, and Jean Patchett are considered the world's first supermodels according to Vogue Magazine. These models were highly paid, from up to $40 an hour. Dorian Leigh earned an annual salary of $300.000.

The 60s were known as the "Swinging London". The top supermodels were Twiggy, Peggy Moffitt, Naomi Sims, Donyale Luna, Evelyn Kuhn, Colleen Corby, Molly Corby, Jean Shrimpton, Veruschka, Agneta Freiberg, Babette Morand, Linda Morand, Cybill Shephard, Terry Reno, Wilhelmina, Angela Howard, Suzy Parker, & Penelope Tree. The most iconic of this group was Twiggy, whose look & style became "the face of the yearly", according to The London Daily Press.

The 70s were a rise the rise of the supermodels including Janice Dickinson, who by many, claim is the "World's First Supermodel" she has done extensive work including 37 covers of Vogue. More black models broke barriers in the fashion industry. These influential models included Iman and Beverly Johnson. Supermodels in the 70s included Anna Bayle, Bessie Badilla, Janice Dickinson, Iman Abdulmajid, Gia Marie Carangi, Christie Brinkley, Cheryl Tiegs, and Beverly Johnson.

The high point of the supermodel era was in the 80s and early 90s, with some of the most famous being "The Trinity" of Linda Evangelista, Naomi Campbell, and Christy Turlington.

These years were known as the "era of the supermodels". Among these supermodels included Magdalena Wróbel, Stella Tennant, Frederique van der Wal, Kim Alexis, Annette Stai, Valerie Lohr, Nancy DeWeir, Gail Elliot , Suzanne Lanza, Estelle Hallyday, Eva Herzigová, Heather Stewart, Yasmin Le Bon, Renee Simonsen, Bridget Hall, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Shana Zadrick, Claudia Schiffer, Christy Turlington, Kate Moss, Kristen McMenamy, Gail O'Neil, Lisa Taylor, Bonnie Burman, Vera Cox, Robyn Mackintosh, Emma Sjoberg, Louis Vyent, Jerry Hall, Karen Alexander, Valeria Mazza, Ashley Richardson, Rachel Williams, Rene Simonsen, Estelle Hallyday, Claudia Mason, Veronica Webb, Kristen McMenamy, Megan Douglas, Helena Christensen, Shana Zadrick, Paulina Porizkova, Daniela Peštová, Yasmeen Ghauri, Elle Macpherson, Carol Alt, Elaine Irwin Mellencamp, Rachel Hunter, Carla Bruni, Tatjana Patitz, Kara Young, Patricia Velasquez, Brandi Quinones, Laetitia Casta, Yamila Diaz-Rahi, Niki Taylor, Carolyn Murphy, Shalom Harlow, Nadja Auermann, Elsa Benitez, Beverly Peele, Amber Valletta, Emma Sjöberg, Marcus Schenkenberg, Tyson Beckford, Tyra Banks, Karen Mulder, Michaela Bercu, Eva Herzigova, and Stephanie Seymour.These models were known as the great supermodels of the supermodel era. The most controversial model of the 90s was the slender Kate Moss. She was consistently scrutinized over her slim look and people often speculated that she was anorexic, thus she gave birth to the style of supermodel known as the "waif." This waif look is now the most common today.

Other supermodels who came out in the late 1990s include Sarah O'Hare, Tricia Helfer, Rebecca Romijn, Valeria Mazza, Heidi Klum, Marisa Miller, Veronica Varekova, Alek Wek, Molly Sims, Devon Aoki, Mini Anden, Michelle Alves, Ana Hickmann, Milla Jovovich, Angela Lindvall, and Gisele Bundchen.

In the 2000s, the supermodel popularity faded and actresses started replacing models. On The Tyra Banks Show, Janice Dickinson claims Tyra Banks was the last of the great supermodels. According to some people, the reason why actress and pop stars have become more popular, is because they are more relatable. They don't look perfect like models, and because of that they're more relatable. The supermodels of the 2000s include Daria Werbowy, Liya Kebede, Gemma Ward, Karen Elson, Natalia Vodianova, Oluchi Onweagba, Cintia Dicker, Yasmin Warsame, Lisa Cant, Jessica Stam, Adriana Lima, Petra Němcová, Alessandra Ambrosio, Ana Beatriz Barros, Heather Marks, Carmen Kass, Caroline Trentini, Noémie Lenoir, Tiiu Kuik, Lily Cole, Eugenia Volodina, Lily Donaldson, Caroline Winberg, Angela Lindvall, Hana Soukupova, Polina Kouklina, Natasha Poly, Chanel Iman, Isabeli Fontana, Jeisa Chiminazzo, Julia Stegner, Valerie Celis, Bar Refaeli, Erin Wasson, Raquel Zimmermann, Miranda Kerr, and Josie Maran. The popular model look has become alien, baby doll, eyes wide apart, waif models.

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Trivia

  • According to IMG Models, there are two types of supermodels. Editorial High Fashion models such as Linda Evangelista, Shalom Harlow, Carolyn Murphy, and Naomi Campbell. Commercial models include Tyra Banks, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Molly Sims, and Adriana Lima.
  • In 2003, VH1's "All Access:Access Hollywood Top 10 Supermodels", named the top top 10 sexiest supermodels. In descending order, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bundchen, Naomi Campbell, Tyra Banks, Karolina Kurkova, Molly Sims, Eva Herzigova, Carolyn Murphy, Daniela Pestova, and Adriana Lima.
  • From June 2004-June 2006, the highest paid Brazilian models were, in descending order, Gisele Bundchen, Adriana Lima, Isabeli Fontana, Ana Beatriz Barros, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Leticia Birkheuer, Fernanda Motta, Raquel Zimmermann, Michelle Alves, and Caroline Trentini.
  • In 2005, VH1's The Fabulous Life of Today's Hottest Supermodels, named their top 5 supermodels alive. In no order, the supermodels were Adriana Lima, Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell, Heidi Klum, and Gisele.
  • Naomi Campbell was the first black model on the cover of French Vogue Magazine, British Vogue Magazine, and Time Magazine.
  • Lisa Fonssagrives has graced over 200 magazine covers. Niki Taylor has appeared on over 200 covers. Claudia and Christie have been on over 500. Cindy Crawford has been on the most with over 600. Naomi Campbell has over 400; Beverly Peele over 250 covers; Gisele over 200; Stephanie Seymour over 300; Yasmin Le Bon over 200.
  • Tyra Banks is definitely a supermodel, in spite of her relatively small career in runway modeling. She has mostly done swimsuit and lingerie modeling, and a few question whether she is a supermodel, because of her small high fashion career.
  • In 2005 British Television's Channel 5 aired a program called "The World's Greatest Supermodel".

First place went to Kate Moss, followed by Gisele, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, and Claudia Schiffer.

  • In 2006, FHM Magazine's "Sexiest Women" Poll, the following supermodels received spots: Adriana Lima (#27), Alessandra Ambrosio (#56), Petra Nemcova (#76), and Gisele(#84).
  • In 2006, E!'s "101 Sexiest Celebrity Bodies" included supermodels Gisele (#22), Laetitia Casta (#29), Valeria Mazza (#34), Rebecca Romijn (#41), Milla Jovovich (#57), and Tyra Banks (#60).
  • When Cindy Crawford came out, she was dubbed "Baby Gia", because of her resemblance to supermodel Gia Carangi. When Niki Taylor came to the fashion industry, she was dubbed "Baby Cindy".
  • Donyale Luna was the first black model on a cover of a Vogue Magazine. She was the covergirl for U.K. Vogue Magazine.
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Famous supermodel quotes

"I was the world's first supermodel, and Tyra and all the other models owe me at least a Christmas card every year because I broke down the ethnic barrier to begin with." -Janice Dickinson on ethnicity[1]

"I don't get out of bed for less then 10,000 a day" -Linda Evangelista on money [2]

""Now I get out of bed for a much better reason. I'm part of a team that raises millions of dollars and raises awareness of HIV and Aids all over the world." -Linda Evangelista on HIV and Aids awareness [3]

"I can do anything you want me to do so long as I don't have to speak." -Linda Evangelista on modeling. [4]

"I don't know what to do with my arms. It just makes me feel weird and I feel like people are looking at me and that makes me nervous." -Tyra Banks on modeling [5]

"Black women don't have the same body image problems as white women. They are proud of their bodies. Black men love big butts." -Tyra Banks on black women[6]

"I love the confidence that makeup gives me." -Tyra Banks on inner strenght [7]

"Once A Supermodel, Always A Supermodel." -Beverly Johnsonon on supermodel fame[8]

"Everyone should have enough money to get plastic surgery." -Beverly Johnsonon on poverty [9]

"I never diet. I smoke. I drink now and then. I never work out. I work very hard, and I am worth every cent." -Naomi Campbell on her health[10]

"You can't be a model at age 60, but you certainly can be an actress." -Eva Herzigova on acting.[11]

"It's something I decided from the very beginning I would never do - nudity." -Claudia Schiffer on posing nude.[12]

"I'd rather go naked than wear fur." -Christy Turlington on posing nude.[13]

"When my Azzedine jacket from 1987 died, I wrapped it up in a box, attached a note saying where it came from and took it to the Salvation Army. It was a big loss." -Veronica Webb on losing her jacket [14]

"Modeling is about illusion. It's a fantasy world where models play various roles. By featuring extreme looks, magazines show women how to have fun with makeup and clothes, and to inspire them to experiment - just like we did when we were little girls." -Cindy Crawford on modeling [15]

"When I model I pretty much go blank. You can't think too much or it doesn't work." -Paulina Porizkova on thought [16]

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See also

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External links

ja:スーパーモデル sv:Supermodell

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