Szczecin

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Szczecin (pronounce: Template:Audio-nohelp; German: Template:Audio; Kashubian/Pomeranian: Sztetëno; Latin: Stetinum or Scecinum, also Sedinum) is the capital city of West Pomeranian Voivodship in Poland. It is the country's sixth-largest city and the largest Polish seaport on the Baltic Sea. As of the 2005 census the city has a total population of 420,638.

Szczecin is located on the Oder River, south of the Lagoon of Szczecin and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of Oder and on several large islands between western and eastern branch of the river.

Contents

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Origins of the name

Early medieval sources show: Stetin 1133, Stetyn 1188, Priznoborus vir nobilis in Stetin, Symon nobilis Stettinensis 1234, in vico Stetin 1240, Barnim Dei gratia dux Pomeranorum... civitati nostri Stetin 1243, Stityn 1251, Sigillum Burgoncium de Stitin municipal seal of the 13th century, which is the same to the modern Polish spelling of Szczecin. The name is almost certainly of the same origin as others Polish names such as Szczytno, Szczucin and Szczuczyn. In Latin, the city was known as Stetinum.

Image:Szczecin urzadmiejski.jpg There are several possible etymologies of the city name:

  1. Szczecin comes from the word szczyt which means peak, hill top in modern Polish, but also a long shield in Old Polish. So Szczecin means a town located on a hill top, or a town fortified as a stronghold.
  2. Szczecin comes from a personal name Szczuka and means Szczuka's town
  3. Szczecin comes from a personal name Szczeta/Szczota and means Szczota's town
  4. Szczecin comes from a word szczecina which means bristle. So Szczecin is a town with many swines, or a town fortified like bristle. If this is true Szczecin could be identified with Burstaborg mentioned in the Scandinavian chronicles.

Because in 1310 duke Warcislaw IV of Pomerania had founded a new city called New Szczecin and today Szczecinek modelled after the Szczecin municipality, the original Szczecin was sometimes called the Old Szczecin (Latin: Stetinum Antiqua, Polish: Stary Szczecin, German: Alten Stettin.)

In the 16th century Polish literature used two alternative spellings: Szczecin (seems to be the exact pronunciation of the city name used by its Slavonic inhabitants, previously spelled in Latin as Stetin since the 12th century) and Sztetyn (seems to be a copy of the German pronunciation). The first form of Szczecin prevailed in the following years and was officially confirmed in the 19th century, long before the city became Polish in 1945.

Prior to 1945, the city, inhabited almost entirely by Germans from late Medieval times, was known internationally and locally as Stettin, its German name.

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History

Template:Main Image:Stettin merian.JPG Image:Szczecin-Bateaux dans le port de Stettin en Pologne-vers 1900.JPG Image:SZCZECINSTARYRATUSZ.JPG Image:SZCZECINOLDTOWN.JPG

A stronghold of the Lusatian culture was here in the early Iron Age period. Another stronghold of the Pomeranians was built in the 8th century at the ford of the Oder river. The city was already a flourishing trading centre with 10,000 inhabitants when it was subjugated and baptized by Boleslaus III of Poland. A medieval municipality was granted autonomy in 1243. Till the 1630s Stettin was the capital of the Duchy of Pomerania ruled by the Slavonic Griffin dynasty, of Slavic origins, although the city and western Pomerania became gradually, and entirely, German. After their extinction of the Griffin dynasty, Stettin, along with the rest of western Pomerania, was granted to Sweden at the Peace of Westphalia, despite the protests of the Elector of Brandenburg, who had a legal claim to inherit all of Pomerania. In 1720 after the Great Northern War, the Swedes were forced to cede the city to King Frederick William I of Prussia. Stettin became a major Prussian (and, after 1871 German) city. In 1939 Stettin had about 400.000 inhabitants and was Germany's third-biggest naval port (after Hamburg and Bremen) and of great importance for the supply and trade of Berlin.

In 1935 the German Wehrmacht established Stettin as the headquarters for Wehrkreis II, which controlled the military units in all of Mecklenburg and Pomerania. It was also the Area Headquarters for units stationed at Stettin I and II; Swinemünde; Greifswald; and Stralsund. Stettin was the home Station for the 2nd Panzer Grenadier Division, which evolved into the 12th Panzer Division in 1940. This unit remained generally uncommitted during the invasion of Poland, but was activly engaged in the invasion of France. Subsequently, the division became involved in the invasion of Russia, and remained there until the withdrawal in 1945.

Stettin remained German until 1945, when the Red Army seized the city. Many of the city's German inhabitants escaped in fear of revenge. In the aftermath of World War II the city became once again part of Poland (since the middle ages) and the remaining German population was then expelled to Germany. Stettin was resettled with Poles, mainly from the area around Poznań, where their homes had been destroyed during the Nazi German occupation and during fighting on the Eastern Front. The city was also resettled with Poles from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. Szczecin was rebuilt and made a major industrial centre, the capital of Szczecin Voivodship. It witnessed anti-communist revolts in 1970 and 1980 adding its share to the birth of Solidarity movement. Since 1999 Szczecin has been the capital of Western Pomeranian Voivodship.


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Dukes of Szczecin

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Notable people born in or otherwise connected with Szczecin

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Historical population

12th century: 5,000 inhabitants
1720: 6,000 inhabitants
1740: 12,300 inhabitants
1816: 21,500 inhabitants
1843: 37,100 inhabitants
1861: 58,500 inhabitants
1872: 76,000 inhabitants
1890: 116,228 inhabitants
1910: 236,000 inhabitants
1939: 382,000 inhabitants
1945: ?
1950: ?
1960: 269,400 inhabitants
1970: 338,000 inhabitants
1975: 369,700 inhabitants
1980: 388,300 inhabitants
1990: ?
2000: ?
2002: 413,600 inhabitants
2004: 419,000 inhabitants

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Architecture and urban planning

Szczecin's architectural style is mainly influenced by those of last half of 19th century and first twenty years of the 20th century mostly by Academic art and Art Nouveau. In many areas build after 1945 Social realism is prevalent.

Urban planning of Szczecin is unusual. The first thing observed by a newcomer is abundance of green areas: parks and avenues – wide streets with trees planted in the island separating opposite traffic (where often tram tracks are laid); and roundabouts. This makes Szczecin's city project quite similar to that of Paris. The reason is, Szczecin (like Paris) was rebuilt in the 1880s using a design by Georges-Eugène Haussmann.

This course of designing streets in Szczecin is still used, as many recently built (or modified) city areas include roundabouts and avenues.

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Politics and Administration

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Municipal politics

Szczecin is governed by the city council and the mayor. The mayor (prezydent miasta), as well as the council, is elected by the city's citizens every four years.

Marian Jurczyk, Solidarity icon, is Szczecin's mayor. His achievements are however widely criticised and he is blamed for over 10 millions zlotys compensations which city must pay for canceling the land selling deal, his lack of formal education, and his apparent cluelessness in many important matters. Mr Jurczyk famous errors includes forgetting the name of his own deputy he just nominated or quoting Jesus in his speech to the council.

Because of this criticism recall voices of recall were raised. On 23 March 2004 necessary 32 000 signatures were received by Recall Committee. Recall referendum took place on 23 May 2004. However the necessary 30% turnout wasn't reached as only 19% of voters cast their ballots. An overwhelming majority of those voting (92%), supported mayor's recall. This means that current political situation is quite difficult.

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Municipal administration

The city is administratively divided into boroughs (dzielnica), which are further divided into smaller neighbourhoods. The governing bodies of the latter serve the role of auxiliary local government bodies called Neighborhood Councils (Polish: Rady Osiedla). Elections for Neighborhood Councils are held up to six months after each City Council elections. Attendance is rather low (on 13 April 2003 it ranged from 1,03% to 27,75% and was 3,78% on average). Councillors are responsible mostly for small infrastructure like trees, park benches, playgrounds, etc. Other functions are mostly advisory. Official list of districts Image:Szczecin dzielnice2.gif

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Dzielnica Śródmieście (City Centre)

Centrum, Drzetowo-Grabowo, Łękno, Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka, Niebuszewo-Bolinko, Nowe Miasto, Stare Miasto, Śródmieście Północ, Śródmieście-Zachód, Turzyn

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Dzielnica Północ (North)

Bukowo, Golęcino-Gocław, Niebuszewo, Skolwin, Stołczyn, Warszewo, Żelechowa

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Dzielnica Zachód (West)

Głębokie-Pilchowo, Gumieńce, Krzekowo-Bezrzecze, os.Arkońskie-Niemierzyn, Osów, Pogodno, Pomorzany, Świerczewo, os.Zawadzkiego-Klonowica

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Dzielnica Prawobrzeże (Right-Bank)

Bukowe-Klęskowo, Dąbie, Majowe-Kijewo, Płonia-Śmierdnica-Jezierzyce, Podjuchy, os.Słoneczne, Wielgowo-Sławociesze, Załom, Zdroje, Żydowce-Klucz

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Other historical neigbourhoods

Babin, Barnucin, Basen Górniczy,Błędów, Boleszyce, Bystrzyk, Cieszyce, Cieśnik, Dolina, Drzetowo, Dunikowo, Glinki, Grabowo, Jezierzyce, Kaliny, Kępa Barnicka, Kijewko, Kluczewko, Kłobucko, Kniewo, Kraśnica, Krzekoszów, Lotnisko, Łasztownia, Niemierzyn, Odolany, Oleszna, Podbórz, Port, os.Przyjaźni, Rogatka, Rudnik, Sienna, Skoki, Słowieńsko, Sosnówko, Starków, Stoki, Struga, Śmierdnica, os.Świerczewskie, Trzebusz, Urok, Widok, Zdunowo.

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Members of European Parliament (MEPs) from Szczecin

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Economy

Image:Mk Stettin PAZIM.jpg Image:SZCZECINGALAXY.JPG

Szczecin has the biggest shipyard in Poland, which recently went bankrupt and was successfully reinstated. It has a fishing industry and a steel mill. It is served by Szczecin-Goleniów Airport and by the Port of Szczecin, third biggest port of Poland. It is also home to several major companies. Among them is the major food producer Drobimex, Polish Steamship Company, producer of construction materials Komfort, Bosman brewery and Cefarm drug factory. It also houses several of the new business firms of the IT branch, among them the Vobis Microcomputer group and the home.pl web portal.

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Culture

Major cultural events in Szczecin are:

  • Days of the Sea (Polish Dni Morza) held every June
  • Street Artists Festival (Polish Festiwal Artystów Ulicy) held every July
  • Days of The Ukrainian Culture (Polish Dni Kultury Ukraińskiej) held every May.
  • Air show on Dabie airport held every May
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Museums

  • National Museum in Szczecin (Polish Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie) collects arts, old jewelry, military equipment. It has three branches:
    • Museum of the City of Szczecin (Polish Muzeum Miasta Szczecina)
    • Maritime Museum (Polish Muzeum Morskie)
    • Gallery of Contemporary Arts (Polish Galeria Sztuki Współczesnej)
  • Museum of the Szczecin Archidiocese (Polish Muzeum Archidiecezjalne w Szczecinie) collects sacral arts and historical documents
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Arts and Entertainment

  • Bismarck tower Szczecin
  • Kana Theatre (Polish Teatr Kana)
  • Modern Theatre (Polish Teatr Współczesny)
  • Opera in the Castle (Polish Opera na Zamku)
  • Polish Theatre (Polish Teatr Polski)
  • The Pomeranian Dukes' Castle in Szczecin (Polish Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie)
    • The Castle Cinema (Polish Kino Zamek)
    • The Cellar by the Vault Cabaret (Polish Kabaret Piwnica przy Krypcie)
    • The Crypt Theatre (Polish Teatr Krypta)
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Education and Science

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Scientific and regional organizations

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Sports

There are many popular professional sports team in Szczecin area. The most popular sport today is probably football (thanks to Pogon Szczecin just promoted to play in the 1st league in season 2004/2005). Amateur sports are played by thousands of Szczecin citizens and also in schools of all levels (elementary, secondary, university).

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Professional teams

Image:Pogon Szczecin.gif

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Amateur leagues

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External links

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Internet guides

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Regional media

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History and culture

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Economy and transportation

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Education and Science

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Sports

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Local Businesses

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