University of California, Berkeley

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The University of California, Berkeley (also known as California, Cal, UCB, UC Berkeley, The University of California, or simply Berkeley) is a public, coeducational university situated east of the San Francisco Bay in Berkeley, California, overlooking the Golden Gate. Founded in 1868, it is the oldest and flagship campus of the University of California system and thus retains the tradition of being called Cal or California, especially in the context of its athletics.

Berkeley has an extensive undergraduate education mission and serves as a dominant research center for a broad range of disciplines. The university enjoyed a golden age in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences in the twentieth century. Some of Berkeley's accomplishments during this period include Ernest O. Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron, the isolation of the human polio virus, and the discovery of 17 chemical elements, including Plutonium, Berkelium, and Californium.<ref>A Century of Physics at Berkeley: The Cyclotron</ref><ref name="digital_archives_profile">University of California History: Digital Archives—Berkeley: Historical Overview</ref> During the 1960s, the campus gained further worldwide attention with the birth of the Free Speech Movement and the first student protests against United States involvement in the Vietnam War.<ref>Free Speech Movement Digital Archives</ref> Later developments include a number of key technologies associated with the development of the Internet, BSD Unix, and the Open Source Software movement.

Contents 1 History 2 Campus architecture and architects 3 Organization 3.1 Chancellors 3.2 Colleges and schools 3.3 Labor unions representing U.C. Berkeley employees 4 Academics 4.1 Campus Enrollment 4.2 Rankings 4.3 Admissions 4.4 Library system 4.5 Contributions to computer science 5 Distinguished Berkeley people 6 Student life 6.1 Athletics and traditions 6.2 Student housing 6.3 Student groups 7 References in pop culture 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links 11.1 Official websites 11.2 Other

History

Image:Berkeley1940.jpeg In 1866 the land which is now the Berkeley campus was first purchased by the private College of California (established by Congregational minister Henry Durant in 1855). However, lacking the funds to operate, the College of California merged with state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College, forming the University of California on March 23, 1868, with Durant becoming the first president. In 1869, the university opened in Oakland using the former College of California's pre-existing buildings.<ref name="ucb_about">http://www.berkeley.edu/about/history/</ref> In 1873, with the completion of North and South Halls, the university relocated to the Berkeley campus with 167 men and 222 women students enrolled.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucb/overview.html</ref>

The university came of age under the direction of Benjamin Ide Wheeler, who was University President from 1899 to 1919. The university's reputation grew as President Wheeler was successful at attracting world-renowned faculty to the campus and acquiring research grants and scholarship funds.<ref name="ucb_about">http://www.berkeley.edu/about/history/</ref> The physical campus itself began to take on the look of a proper university, as new Beaux-arts and neo-classical buildings were constructed under the supervision of John Galen Howard.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/brief-history.2.html</ref> These buildings form the core of UC Berkeley's present campus architecture.

Robert Gordon Sproul assumed the presidency in 1930 and during his long tenure of 28 years, UC Berkeley blossomed into a world-class, international research university rivaling those found on the East Coast. Prior to taking office, Sproul took a six month tour of other universities and colleges to study their educational and administrative methods as well as establish connections through which he could draw talented faculty in the future.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html#sproul</ref>

Despite cutbacks due to the Great Depression and World War II, Sproul maintained academic and research excellence by campaigning for private funds. By 1942, UC Berkeley was second behind only Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments as judged by the American Council on Education.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html#sproul</ref>

During World War II, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory in the hills above Berkeley began to contract with the U.S. Army in efforts to help understand the fundamental science needed to develop the atomic bomb (including Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium). Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.<ref>http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml</ref> The University agreed to manage the project without knowing its purpose the same year, beginning a relationship with the Department of Defense which has endured to the present.<ref>http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/HISTORY/H-06c11.htm</ref> Room 307 of Gilman Hall, where Seaborg discovered plutonium, is now a National Historic Landmark. Two other University of California managed-labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, were also established during this time period, in 1943 and 1952, respectively.

During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath to be signed by all University of California employees. A number of faculty members firmly took a stand against the oath requirement and were eventually dismissed.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/archives_exhibits/loyaltyoath/timelinesummary.html</ref> They were reinstated with full honor and back pay ten years later <ref>http://www.dailycal.org/article.php?id=535</ref>; one of them, Edward C. Tolman—the noted comparative psychologist—now has a building on the campus named after him (it houses the departments of psychology and education). An oath to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California against all enemies, foreign and domestic” is still required by all UC employees. <ref>http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_20</ref><ref>http://www.dailycal.org/sharticle.php?id=542</ref>

In 1952 the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus as part of a major restructuring of the UC system. Each campus was given greater autonomy and its own Chancellor. Sproul assumed the presidency of the entire University of California, and Clark Kerr became the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/brief-history.2.html</ref>

The University gained notoriety worldwide nearly a century after its founding for the student body's active protests against United States involvement in the Vietnam War. This period of social unrest on campus could be traced to the Free Speech Movement, which originated on the Berkeley campus in 1964 and inspired the political and moral outlook of a generation.<ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html</ref>

Further demonstrations continued into the late 1960s, and were notable for their more violent tone than those of the Free Speech Movement. The anti-war rallies often deteriorated into riots, and by 1967 police officers were using tear gas against the crowds. In 1969, a group of Berkeley students attempted to claim an empty lot which the University was going to convert into a dormitory as "People's Park". The University continued with its plans for development, and faced a protest of thousands of students. Governor Ronald Reagan, who had said in his election campaign that he would "clean up the mess" at Berkeley (and managed to get Chancellor Clark Kerr fired weeks after he took office because Kerr refused to crack down on the Free Speech Movement), called in 2,000 National Guard troops to the confrontation. The University eventually capitulated, but not until over a dozen protesters were hospitalized, a police officer had been stabbed, and one student was killed.<ref>"Berkeley in the 60s", Bancroft Library web exhibit. Online at http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html; Jeffery Kahn, "Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target", UC Berkeley News (8 June 2004). Available online at http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml.</ref> Image:Berkeley glade afternoon.jpg

Today, a majority of students at UC Berkeley are less politically active than their predecessors and have political opinions similar to students at most other American universities.<ref>http://www.dailycal.org/sharticle.php?id=19267</ref> However, a small number of outspoken radical groups continue to thrive.

Campus architecture and architects

Template:Main

The campus is approximately 1,232 acres (5 km²) in its entirety, though the main campus is on the western 178 acres (0.7 km²). The campus is bordered on the west by downtown Berkeley, on the north by old suburban neighborhoods, and on the east by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Berkeley hills. The south campus area includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue, a colorful bohemian shopping strip.

The campus is divided by two branches of Strawberry Creek. The south fork appears by the Haas School of Business and runs at the edge of the campus core before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building, the original site of the Campus Arboretum. Trees in the area date from the founding of the University in the 1870s. The campus also contains numerous wooded areas including Founders' Rock, Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, purported to be the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America. Image:Berkeley Campus from Big C.JPG Several research units overlook the campus from the rugged eastern foothills, notably the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Space Sciences Laboratory, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, and the Lawrence Hall of Science. Residential Halls and administrative buildings dot the city of Berkeley, particularly south of the main campus.

The campus and its surrounding community are home to a number of notable buildings by early 20th-century campus architect John Galen Howard, his peer Bernard Maybeck (best known for the Palace of Fine Arts), and Maybeck's student Julia Morgan. Later buildings were designed by architects such as Charles Willard Moore (Haas School of Business) and Joseph Esherick (Wurster Hall).

Image:South Hall.jpg Very little of the early University of California (c. 1868–1903) remains, with the Victorian Second Empire-style South Hall and Piedmont Avenue (designed by Frederick Law Olmsted) being notable exceptions. Built in 1873, South Hall is the oldest university building in California. What is considered the historic campus today was the eventual result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California," funded by William Randolph Hearst’s mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp (eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco, 1899).<ref>Online Exhibit on the Hearst Architectural Competition</ref>

Much of the older campus is built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, today referred to as the “classical core” of the campus. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. These included the Hearst Greek Theatre, the Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, (Old) Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the 307-foot Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice). Buildings he regarded as temporary, nonacademic, or not particularly "serious" were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles, such as North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of these and other campus buildings are recognized California Historical Landmarks and are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="digital_archives_profile">2</ref>

Organization

Chancellors

The position of Chancellor was created in 1952 during the reorganization and expansion of the University of California; there have since been nine inaugurated chancellors (one was acting chancellor):

1. Clark Kerr (1952–58)
2. Glenn T. Seaborg (1958–61)
3. Edward W. Strong (1961–65)
4. Martin E. Meyerson (1965, acting)
5. Roger W. Heyns (1965–71)
6. Albert H. Bowker (1971–80)
7. Ira Michael Heyman (1980–90)
8. Chang-Lin Tien (1990–97)
9. Robert M. Berdahl (1997–2004)
10. Robert J. Birgeneau (2004–-present)

Colleges and schools

Image:Haas School of Business courtyard.jpg Berkeley's 130-plus academic departments and programs are organized into 14 colleges and schools. ("Colleges" are both undergraduate and graduate, while "Schools" are graduate-only, the exception being the School of Business.):

• Haas School of Business
• College of Chemistry
• Graduate School of Education
• College of Engineering
• College of Environmental Design
• Graduate School of Journalism
• Boalt Hall School of Law
• School of Information
• College of Letters and Science
• College of Natural Resources
• School of Optometry
• School of Public Health
• Richard & Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy
• School of Social Welfare

Labor unions representing U.C. Berkeley employees

• UPTE University Professional and Technical Employees - health care, technical and research workers
• CUE Coalition of University Employees - clericals
• UC-AFT University Council-American Federation of Teachers - faculty and librarians
• UAW United Auto Workers - Academic student employees
• AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees- service workers and patient care technical employees.
• CNA California Nurses Association - Nurses

Image:UCB-Reserved-For-NL.jpg

Academics

Berkeley is an exceptionally comprehensive university, offering over 7,000 courses in nearly 300 degree programs. The university awards over 5,500 bachelor's degrees, 2,000 master's degrees, 900 doctorates, and 200 law degrees each year. However, the student-faculty ratio is 15.5 to 1, among the lowest of any major public university, and the average class consists of 30 students (not including discussion sections led by graduate student instructors).

Berkeley's distinguished faculty currently boasts 221 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows, 3 Fields Medal holders, 83 Fulbright Scholars, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 11 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, 28 MacArthur Fellows, 87 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 128 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 6 Nobel Prize winners, 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 84 Sloan Fellows, and 7 Wolf Prize winners.<ref>About UC Berkeley: Honors and Awards</ref> (see list of distinguished Berkeley faculty)

Berkeley has also graduated more students who go on to earn doctorates than any other university in the United States, and its enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation prior to 2002, when participation in the National Merit program was discontinued.<ref>http://ucnewswire.org/news_viewer.cfm?story_PK=4989</ref> Berkeley's acceptance rate to medical school of 63.4% is among the top of all public universities.<ref>http://career.berkeley.edu/MedStats/MedStats.stm</ref> It is just above the University of Virginia at 61% and below the College of William and Mary at 80%.<ref>http://www.career.virginia.edu/students/preprof/prehealth/</ref><ref>http://research.schev.edu/roie/four_year/CWM/body.asp?i=1</ref>

Campus Enrollment

The following statistics are calculated from the Fall 2004 enrollment and were released by the University of California system (the 2005 statistics will be released Fall 2006):

• Total Enrollment: 30,269
• Undergraduate Enrollment: 22,144

Women: 12,019

Men: 10,125

• Graduate Enrollment: 8,125
• Undergraduates by Ethnicity:

African American: 3.8%

American Indian: .6%

Asian/Pacific Islander: 38.8%

Chicano/Latino: 10.9%

White: 31.5%

Other: 5.3%

Not Stated: 9.1%

• Undergraduates Living on Campus: 25%

Rankings

According to the National Research Council, Berkeley ranks first nationally in the number of graduate programs in the top ten in their fields (97 percent, 35 of 36 programs) and first nationally in the number of "distinguished" programs for the scholarship of the faculty (32 programs).<ref>UC Berkeley Honors & Awards: Graduate Program Rankings</ref> Similarly, Berkeley is the only university in the nation to have all of its Ph.D programs ranked in the top five by US News and World Report. US News also consistently ranks Berkeley as the nation’s top public university and within the top three for both Undergraduate Business and Undergraduate Engineering.

World Universities Rankings performed in 2004 by the UK Times Higher Education Supplement named Berkeley the number two university in the world overall. Similar findings by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education placed Berkeley as fourth in the world. These rankings were primarily based upon alumni and faculty quality defined by awards won, papers published, frequency of citation by peers, and performance relative to size. <ref>Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education: 2005 Academic Ranking of World Universities</ref>

Admissions

Template:Main In 2005, Berkeley admitted 9,000 freshmen from an application pool of 37,000 applicants, an acceptance rate of 24.5%. Admitted students had an average weighted GPA of 4.33 and average score of 1360 (94th Percentile) on the SAT admissions test. Graduate admissions vary by department, although in 2005 the university's graduate program admitted 3,444 students from a pool of 18,333 applicants, an overall acceptance rate of 18.3%.<ref name="perf_metrics">UC Berkeley Performance Metrics</ref>

Image:UCB-University-Library.jpg

Library system

Template:Main Berkeley’s 32 constituent and affiliated libraries together make it fifth largest academic library in the United States, surpassed only by the Library of Congress, Harvard, Yale, and the University of Illinois. In 2003, the Association of Research Libraries ranked it as the top public university library in North America based on various statistical measures of quality.<ref>http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2002/06/20_libry.html</ref>As of 2006, Berkeley’s library system contains over 10 million volumes and maintains over 70,000 serial titles.<ref>http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/whats-new.html</ref> The libraries together cover over 12 acres of land and compose one of the largest library complexes in the world.<ref>http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/gard.html</ref> Doe Library serves as the library system's reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections are now housed in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffit Undergraduate Library. These three interconnected buildings form one of the largest academic buildings

Contributions to computer science

Image:Unix history-simple.png UC Berkeley has nurtured a number of key technologies associated with the early development of the Internet and the Open Source Software movement. The original Berkeley Software Distribution, commonly known as BSD Unix, was assembled in 1977 by Bill Joy as a graduate student in the computer science department. Bill Joy also developed the original version of vi. PostgreSQL emerged from faculty research begun in the late 1970s. Sendmail was developed at Berkeley in 1981. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain package) was written by a team of graduate students around the same time period. The Tcl programming language and the Tk GUI toolkit were developed by faculty member John Ousterhout in 1988. SPICE and espresso, popular tools for IC Designers, were also invented at Berkeley under the direction of Professor Donald Pederson. The RAID and RISC technologies were both developed at Berkeley under David Patterson.

Perhaps the most pervasive contribution to computing from UCB has been the algorithms and analysis of floating-point arithmetic, led by Professor William Kahan. These include extensive and ongoing contributions to the IEEE 754 standard.

The XCF, an undergraduate research group now located in Soda Hall, has been responsible for a number of notable software projects, including [[GTK+]], The GIMP, and the initial diagnosis of the Morris worm. In 1992 Pei-Yuan Wei, an undergraduate at the XCF, created ViolaWWW, one of the first graphical web browsers. ViolaWWW was the first browser to have embedded scriptable objects, stylesheets, and tables. In the spirit of Open Source, he merely donated the code to Sun Microsystems, thus inspiring Java applets. ViolaWWW would also inspire researchers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to create the Mosaic web browser.

Image:Setiathome.jpgSETI@home was one of the first widely disseminated distributed computing projects, allowing hobbyists and enthusiasts to participate in scientific research by donating unused computer processor cycles in the form of a screen saver.

In an interesting example of the confluence of intellectual ideas, many of the arguments for the efficacy of Open Source software development, and of the Wikipedia project itself, find parallels in writings on urban planning and architecture published in the late 1970s by Christopher Alexander, a Berkeley professor of architecture. Across campus around that same time period, John Searle, a Berkeley professor of philosophy, introduced a critique of artificial intelligence using the metaphor of a Chinese Room.

Berkeley has established partnerships with Yahoo!, Sun Microsystems, Google, and Microsoft. Yahoo! Research Berkeley Labs will focus on mobile media technology and social media in a facility just outside of the campus. Sun Microsystems, Google, and Microsoft have partnereed to underwrite a $7.5 million dollar Reliable, Adaptive and Distributed Systems Laboratory to develop more reliable computing systems.

List of research projects conducted at Berkeley:

• Daedalus project
• Digital library project
• GiST: A Generalized Search Tree for Secondary Storage
• Harmonia research project: Open interactive programming tools
• Sather: Object-oriented language derived from Eiffel programming language
• Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System: Instructional software for teaching undergraduate, and potentially graduate, level operating systems courses.

See also:

• List of University of California, Berkeley alumni: Turing Award laureates
• Technology alumni
• Business alumni

Distinguished Berkeley people

Nobel Prizes have been awarded to nineteen past and present faculty, among the 58 Nobel laureates associated with the university.

• List of UC Berkeley alumni
• List of UC Berkeley faculty
• List of UC Berkeley faculty & associated Nobel Laureates

Student life

Image:2002 big game flags.jpg

Athletics and traditions

Image:Cal-logo.gif Template:Main UC Berkeley's sports teams compete in intercollegiate athletics as the California Golden Bears. They participate in the NCAA's Division I-A as a member of the Pacific Ten Conference. The official school colors, established in 1873 by a committee of students, are Yale Blue and California Gold.<ref>http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/1999/0414/traditions.html</ref> Yale Blue was chosen because many of the university's founders were Yale University graduates while Gold was selected to represent the Golden State of California. Cal has a long history of excellence in athletics, having won national titles in football, men's basketball, baseball, softball, men's and women's crew, men's gymnastics, men's tennis, men's and women's swimming, men's water polo, men's track and rugby. In addition, Cal athletes have won numerous individual NCAA titles in track, gymnastics, swimming and tennis.

The official mascot is Oski the Bear, who first debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium. It was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative to a live bear. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, who have sole knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer.<ref>http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html</ref>

The Golden Bears' greatest rivalry is with the Stanford Cardinal. As such, matches or competitions in all sports that involve both universities take on additional significance. The most anticipated sporting event between the two universities, however, is the annual football game dubbed the Big Game, and it is celebrated with spirit events on both campuses. Since 1933, the winner of the Big Game has been awarded custody of the Stanford Axe as a trophy. One of the most famous moments in Big Game history occurred in the 85th Big Game on November 20, 1982. In what has become known simply as The Play, Cal scored the winning touchdown in the final seconds with a kickoff return that involved a series of laterals and the Stanford marching band rushing onto the field.

The University of California Marching Band, which has served the university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at events that are less suitable for the full band. Such events include basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events.<ref>http://www.calband.berkeley.edu/calband/about/</ref>

Image:Haaspav.jpgThe university also has a Rally Committee, formed in 1901, whose members serve as the official guardians of Cal Spirit. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, RallyComm can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. RallyComm members are charged with the maintenance of the five Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium student section, the California Victory Cannon, and the Big C. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in California's possession.<ref>http://ucrc.berkeley.edu/</ref>

Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, the Big C is an indelible symbol of California school spirit. The Big C has its roots in an early 20th century campus event called "Rush," which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and in 1905, the freshmen and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build the Big C. <ref>http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html</ref> Owing to its prominent position, the Big C is often the target of pranks by rival Stanford University students who paint the Big C red. One of RallyComm's functions is to repaint the Big C to its previous color (usually yellow) if such a prank is pulled.

Cal students are credited with inventing the college football tradition of card stunts. They were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts in total: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue "C" on a white background. The popular tradition carries on today in the Cal student section and even incorporates motion in some instances, for example tracing the Cal script logo on a blue background with an imaginary pen.<ref>http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html</ref>

The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after a Cal win. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it originally was placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon has run out of ammunition was a game versus Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns.<ref>http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html</ref>

Student housing

Template:Main Image:Wada hall.jpg UC Berkeley offers an array of housing options, accommodating a variety of personal and academic preferences and styles. Students have the choice of traditional, suite-style, apartment-style, single sex, family, and theme oriented housing.<ref>http://housing.berkeley.edu/housing/</ref> Currently, the university offers two years of guaranteed housing for entering freshmen, and the immediately surrounding community has a plethora of apartments, Greek housing, and Co-ops.

There are four complexes to the south of campus in the City of Berkeley: Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3, and Clark Kerr. These dormitories offer traditional hall-style accommodations with common areas in the center of the floors. Because of their communal design and integration with the city, these tend to be the more social of the housing options. Units 1 and 2 also have many of the newest dormitory buildings, which are intended for continuing and transfer students.<ref>http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/11_spring05.shtml</ref> Just outside these complexes are the Channing-Bowditch and Ida Jackson apartments also intended for older students.<ref>http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/channing_bowditch.html</ref><ref>http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/jackson_house.html</ref> Continuing south is the Clark Kerr dormitory that houses many of the student athletes and was a former school for the deaf and the blind. This dorm is considered to be the most spacious and luxurious, but is the furthest from campus. On the eastern foothills are three complexes: Foothill, Stern, and Bowles.

Image:Bowles.jpgFoothill is a co-ed suite-style dorm reminiscent of a Swiss chalet. Just south of Foothill, overlooking the Hearst Greek Theatre, is the all-girls traditional-style Stern Hall, which exhibits an original mural by Diego Rivera. Because of their proximity to the College of Engineering and College of Chemistry, these dorms often, although not exclusively, house those who are intended science or engineering majors. They also tend to be quieter than the southside complexes, but because of their location next to the theatre, often get free glimpses of the concerts in this famous venue.

Finally, Bowles Hall, the oldest state-owned dormitory in California, is located immediately north of California Memorial Stadium. Dedicated in 1929 and on the National Registry of Historic Places, this all-men’s dormitory has large quad-occupancy rooms and looks like a British castle. Traditionally, this dorm is much like a fraternity, with many of its residents living there all four years. However, in 2005 the university decided to limit Bowles to only freshman because of complaints that it had become too much like an oversized fraternity, and thus was jeopardizing the learning environment.<ref>http://www.dailycal.org/sharticle.php?id=19190</ref> It also houses what was once ranked one of Playboy Magazine's top-10 college parties during halloween, although the university has also cracked down on this activity. Currently, this residence is being courted by the Haas School of Business to become housing for scholars and business professionals who visit Berkeley.<ref>http://www.contracostatimes.com/mld/cctimes/news/local/states/california/alameda_county/berkeley/13367408.htm</ref> There is a great deal of opposition to this plan and no concrete decisions have been made for its future.

• UC Berkeley Housing and Residential Student Services
• UC Berkeley Fraternaties and Sororities
• University Students Cooperative Association

Student groups

UC Berkeley has over 700 established student groups.

• Office of Student Life Homepage

UC Berkeley has a reputation for student activism, stemming from the 1960s and the Free Speech Movement. Today, Berkeley is known as a lively campus with activism in many forms, from email petitions, presentations on Sproul Plaza, and volunteering, to the occasional protest. Berkeley sends the most students to the Peace Corps of any university in the nation.<ref>http://www.ucop.edu/pathways/infoctr/introuc/ucb.html</ref>

The IDEAL Scholars Fund was established by four alumni to increase the number of qualified, underrepresented students of color at UC Berkeley. It originates with the passing of California Proposition 209, which ended Affirmative Action in California and the University of California system, which subsequently negatively impacted on the campus population of African American, Latino, and Native American students. The realization of this impact helped to rekindle activism around issues of race. In this instance, reaction came not only from students, but also from alumni. Other creative protests included those in support of Professor Ignacio Chapela in his campaign for "tenure justice” against claims of undue influence from Novartis and the biotechnology industry. Chapela was eventually granted tenure.

The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the student government organization that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. It is one of the most autonomous student governments in any public university in the U.S.

UC Berkeley's independent student-run newspaper is the Daily Californian. Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People's Park.

Berkeley's own FM radio station, KALX, broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members.

Democratic Education at Cal, or DeCal, is a program that promotes the creation of professor-sponsored, student-facilitated classes through the Special Studies 98/198 program. DeCal was born out of the 1960's Free Speech movement and was officially established in 1981. Today it sponsors an eclectic group of over one hundred classes with subjects ranging from "The Simpsons and Philosophy" to "Intro to DJing."

References in pop culture

See also: List of University of California Berkeley alumni: Fictional

• Parts of the film The Graduate are set in Berkeley, as star Dustin Hoffman runs back and forth in the movie, throughout the campus and the Berkeley town center in order to retrieve his lover, Elaine Robinson, played by Katharine Ross. Despite being set in Berkeley, many of the scenes were actually filmed at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California.
• The comedy Junior includes several scenes that were filmed on the UC Berkeley campus. Strangely the fictional school in the movie was called Leland University, which draws from the name of Berkeley's traditional rival school, Stanford University.
• In Forrest Gump, Forrest (Tom Hanks) meets Jenny (Robin Wright Penn) and her boyfriend Wesley (Geoffrey Blake) during an anti Vietnam War protest rally in Washington, D.C. Jenny informs Forrest that she lives together with Wesley in Berkeley where he is the president of the Berkeley chapter of Students for a Democratic Society. In a later scene, a protest bus is shown to have a banner proclaiming "Berkeley to DC".
• Fictional alumni have appeared in many popular movies and television shows, such as Mona Lisa Smile, The OC, Grey's Anatomy, 24, and The West Wing. For a list of such characters, refer to List of University of California Berkeley alumni: Fictional.
• In the opening scene of Made in America, Whoopi Goldberg rides her bike through the university's south campus and subsequently through heavy traffic on Telegraph Avenue.

Notes

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References

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| publisher = The Princeton Review
| location =
| id = ISBN 0375763732
| url =

}}

• A Brief History of the University of California, Berkeley
• Brief History of the University from official website
• Berkeley: Historical Overview from University of California Digital Archives
• Atomicarchive.com
• Manhattan Project Heritage Preservation Association
• Cal Traditions 101
• Cal Band
• University of California Rally Committee
• Cal Athletics
• UC Berkeley Residential and Student Programs
• Landscape plan

Further reading

• {{cite book

| first = Gray
| last = Brechin
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1999
| month =
| title = Imperial San Francisco
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = UC Press Ltd
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-520-21568-0
| url =

}}

• {{cite book

| first = Susan Dinkelspiel
| last = Cerny
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 2001
| month =
| title = Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California's Architectural Heritage
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-970-667604
| url =

}}

• {{cite book

| first = Jo
| last = Freeman
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 2003
| month =
| title = At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961-1965
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = Indiana University Press
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-253-216222
| url =

}}

• {{cite book

| first = Harvey
| last = Helfand
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 2001
| month =
| title = University of California, Berkeley
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = Princeton Architectural Press
| location =
| id = ISBN 1-568-982933
| url =

}}

• {{cite book

| first = W. J.
| last = Rorabaugh
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1990
| month =
| title = Berkeley at War: The 1960s
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-195-066677
| url =

}}

• {{cite book

| first = Geoffrey
| last = Wong
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 2001
| month =May
| title = A Golden State of Mind
| chapter =
| editor =
| others =
| edition =
| pages =
| publisher = Trafford Publishing
| location =
| id = ISBN 1-552-126358
| url =

}}

External links

Template:Commons

Official websites

• Berkeley Main Website
• Berkeley in the News
• Berkeley NewsCenter
• ASUC student government
• The Berkeleyan faculty and staff newsletter
• Cal Bears athletics
• The Daily Californian independent student newspaper
• General Course Catalog
• Library System Homepage
• Office of Planning and Analysis: Campus Statistics
• ScienceMatters @ Berkeley online science-oriented magazine
• @cal online alumni community
• Open Computing Facility free, volunteer-run computer center
• DeCal Home Page

Other

• A. Twu's Tour of UC Berkeley
• A Loafer's Guide to the UC Berkeley Campus by Carolyn Dougherty
• Berkeley Police Department Crime Statistics Map
• CSUA (Computer Science Undergraduate Association) web site
• Tau Beta Pi Unofficial Guide to Engineering
• TerraServer-USA aerial image of campus
• "We're No. 2! Now What?"— Berkeleyan article about Berkeley's rankings and their validity
• UC Berkeley Cafeterias go Organic

Template:University of California, Berkeley

Template:Pacific Ten Conferencebg:Калифорнийски щатски университет - Бъркли de:University of California, Berkeley es:Universidad de California, Berkeley eo:Universitato de Kalifornio, Berkeley fr:Université de Californie - Berkeley ko:캘리포니아 대학교 버클리 id:Universitas California, Berkeley nl:Universiteit van Californië - Berkeley ja:カリフォルニア大学バークレー校 th:มหาวิทยาลัยแคลิฟอร์เนีย เบิร์กลีย์ vi:Đại học California tại Berkeley zh:柏克萊加州大學