Zell Miller
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Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24, 1932) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. A Democrat, he served as governor of Georgia from 1991 to 1999 and was a United States senator from 2000 to 2005. In the last years of his career, he split from his party to back Republican President George W. Bush over Democratic nominee John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election and since 2003 has frequently criticized problems he sees in his own party.
After not seeking re-election in 2004, he joined McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP in the firm's national Government Affairs practice. Miller is also a Fox News Channel contributor.
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Early life
Miller was born in the small mountain town of Young Harris, Georgia. His father died when Miller was an infant, and the future politician was raised by his widowed mother. They lived in Young Harris, but also for a number of years in Atlanta, where life was very different. Today, Miller lives in the old Young Harris home. Miller holds Bachelor's and Master's degrees in history from the University of Georgia.
During the 1950s, he served in the United States Marine Corps and attained the rank of sergeant. His time as a Marine had a profound effect on his life, and he later wrote a book, Corps Values: Everything You Need to Know I Learned in the Marines, about the values which his experience in the Marines taught him. "In the twelve weeks of hell and transformation that were Marine Corps boot camp, I learned the values of achieving a successful life that have guided and sustained me on the course which, although sometimes checkered and detoured, I have followed ever since," he would write.
Family
Zell Miller is married to Shirley Carver Miller. They have two sons, four grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.
Political career
Miller's father and mother were both involved in local politics in the mountains. Unlike most of Georgia, which was solidly Democratic at the time, the mountain counties had a vigorous two-party system dating back to the Civil War. Miller, a Democrat, was Mayor of Young Harris from 1959 to 1960, and was elected to two terms as a Georgia state senator.
Serving in the Legislature during the years of turmoil over racial integration, the young Miller criticized extreme Jim Crow politicians. (It should be noted that the Georgia mountains, with relatively few black residents, were not as caught up by racial passions as other areas.) In 1964, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. By his own acknowledgment years later, he pledged support for segregation during this campaign, but only because that was routine for Georgia politicians at the time. He later served in several positions in state government and in the Georgia Democratic Party.
Miller has taught political science and history at Young Harris College, the University of Georgia, and Emory University.
Miller's first experience in the executive branch of government was as Chief of Staff for Georgia governor Lester Maddox. He was elected lieutenant governor of Georgia in 1974, serving four terms from 1975 to 1991, through the terms of Governors George Busbee and Joe Frank Harris. In 1980, Miller unsuccessfully challenged Herman Talmadge in the Democratic primary for his seat in the U.S. Senate.
Throughout his political career, Miller has been a fierce defender of his native Appalachia. He has denounced "hillbilly" stereotypes, particularly the comic strip "Snuffy Smith." Miller's critics (on the right and the left) have ridiculed this fixation, and many outside Georgia are baffled by it. But it is not trivial. In Miller's youth, the mountains were Georgia's poorest region. The Democratic establishment that ran the state was centered in the farm belt, the plantation country of the "Old South." Though mountaineers were not treated nearly as badly as blacks, they were marginalized by the establishment and even ridiculed. So in this sense, Miller is not an old-time Southern pol but an outsider who fought his way into the inner circle.
Governor
He was elected governor of Georgia in 1990, defeating Republican Johnny Isakson (who later became his successor as U.S. senator) after defeating Atlanta Mayor Andrew Young and future Governor Roy Barnes in the primary. James Carville was Miller's campaign manager.
In 1992, Miller endorsed Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas for U.S president. He became close to Clinton, and some political commentators described Miller's support as critical in helping Clinton hold the South and secure the nomination after a rocky start in the Democratic primaries. Miller keynoted the 1992 Democratic National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In two oft-recalled lines, Miller said that President George Bush "just doesn't get it," and remarked of Vice President Dan Quayle, "Not all of us can be born rich, handsome, and lucky, and that's why we have a Democratic Party."
As governor, Miller was a staunch promoter of public education. During this time, he helped found the HOPE Scholarship, which paid for the college tuition (paid by funds collected from the Georgia Lottery and from state income taxes) of students who both established a GPA of 3.0 in high school and maintained the same while in college. On Dec. 19, 1995, his office announced a proposal for $1 billion more in spending on education. HOPE won praise from national Democratic leaders.
Miller's biggest election battle came in 1994. In 1992, he became the first Georgia governor to openly proclaim a desire to remove the Confederate battle emblem from the Flag of Georgia. He sponsored legislation to change the flag at the 1993 session of the Georgia General Assembly, but the legislature, perhaps influenced by polls showing support for retaining the flag, enacted no changes. Miller dropped the issue, but in the election that followed, his Republican rival, Guy Millner used the flag issue against him, arguing it proved he was out of touch with Georgians. Miller won re-election, but narrowly.
Some have said that the 1994 election was a turning point in Miller's career, arguing it gave him a desire to prove himself a cultural conservative. One cited piece of evidence is that in the late 1990s through the early 2000s, he gradually shifted from being pro-choice to pro-life.
While governor, he established a special office to promote the use of Facilitated Communications in the schools of Georgia. The rise of sexual abuse cases arising from his controversial efforts eventually brought an end to the program.
Upon leaving the Governor's office in January of 1999, Miller accepted teaching positions at Young Harris College, Emory University, and The University of Georgia. He was a visiting professor at all three institutions when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate.
Senate
Miller's successor as governor, Roy Barnes, appointed Miller to a U.S. Senate seat following the death of Republican Sen. Paul Coverdell in July 2000. While the Democratic Party's historic control of Georgia politics had waned for years, Miller remained popular. He easily won a special election to keep the seat in November 2000. During the campaign to keep the seat, Miller spoke warmly of his late friend Coverdell, praised Republican presidential candidate George W. Bush, and promised to work for bipartisanship in the Senate. He later reminded his critics of these promises when they accused him of betraying Democratic voters.
As Coverdell had last been elected in 1998, Miller had a four-year term in the Senate before his retirement from politics in January 2005, following the conclusion of the 108th United States Congress.
Although Miller was a Democrat, he was very conservative as a U.S. Senator and was generally viewed as becoming opposed to his party. In 2004, he cosponsored a proposed Constitutional amendment that, if ratified, would have prohibited government, at any level, from recognizing any homosexual domestic partnerships. On March 11th of that year, he introduced legislation that would have created a board of "shapers of opinions" (as he called it in his introductory speech) to advise broadcasters on content the government deemed acceptable or unacceptable, and to make automatic re-appropriations of some of the revenue generated from media-"indecency" fines to pay for federal services directed through religious establishments. Later that year, he proposed a Constitutional amendment to repeal the 17th Amendment (this would transfer the right to elect U.S. senators from the people back to the state legislatures, as the Constitution originally provided for).
Miller also established himself as a strong conservative on virtually all economic issues. He was the first Democrat in the Senate to publicly declare his support for the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 which cut taxes all across the board. Miller was the only Democrat to vote against an amendment to that same bill submitted by Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) to scale back portions of that tax cut in order to spend more on education and debt reduction. He strongly opposed the estate tax and voted a number of times for its repeal. He also advocated drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
During 2001 and 2002, when liberal Republican senators from New England like James Jeffords and Lincoln Chafee threatened to (and in Jeffords' case, did) leave their party over ideological disputes, rumors abounded that Miller would become a Republican in order to return control of the Senate to that party. These rumors were dispelled with Miller's declaration that he was "born a Democrat and will die one."
In 2002, Sen. Max Cleland (D-Ga.) was involved in a contentious re-election campaign against Republican Congressman Saxby Chambliss. The race galvanized Democrats across the nation, who said Chambliss had questioned the patriotism of Cleland, a disabled Vietnam veteran. (Chambliss denied that.) Miller remained true to the Democrats in this case, campaigning hard for Cleland despite their ideological differences. But after Chambliss won, Miller formed a close working relationship with him.
In 2003, Miller announced that he would not seek re-election after completing his term in the Senate. He also announced that he would support President George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election rather than any of the nine candidates then competing for his own party's nomination. He maintained this position after fellow Senator John Kerry became the Democratic nominee, and Miller, who had been a keynote speaker at the 1992 Democratic National Convention, was subsequently announced to be the keynote speaker at the 2004 Republican National Convention.
Miller argued in his book A National Party No More (authored and published in 2003) that the Democratic Party lost its majority because it does not stand for the same ideals that it did in the era of John F. Kennedy. He argued that the Democratic Party, as it now stands, is a far-left-wing party that is out of touch with America of today and that the Republican Party now embraces the conservative Democratic ideals that he has held for so long. Many people wondered why Miller had not switched parties. Miller says that he was born into the Democratic Party and considers his party label "like a birthmark."
Despite Miller's frequent disagreements with his own party, he did occasionally support some of their positions. For example, he was a strong supporter of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002. In Miller's view the provisions of the bill, limiting donations to candidates for political office, should have gone even further. He also, in October 2003, voted with most of his party to prohibit the enforcement of the ban on travel to Cuba. And despite his support of a Federal Marriage Amendment, on June 15, 2004, Miller voted with every single member of his party to include sexual orientation in hate crime laws.
Speech at Republican National Convention
In his keynote convention speech, delivered on September 1, 2004, Miller struck what was regarded by many commentators as the fiercest tone of all the major speakers at the convention. In it, he criticized the current state of the Democratic party. He also criticized John Kerry's Senate voting record, claiming that Kerry's votes against bills for defense and weapon systems indicated support for weakening U.S. military strength. His tone was so hostile that Republican Senator John McCain noted on The Daily Show that "John Kerry must have shot his dog." Here is a widely-quoted portion of the speech:
"The B-1 bomber, that Senator Kerry opposed, dropped 40 percent of the bombs in the first six months of Operation Enduring Freedom. The B-2 bomber, that Senator Kerry opposed, delivered air strikes against the Taliban in Afghanistan and Hussein's command post in Iraq. The F-14A Tomcats, that Senator Kerry opposed, shot down Khadafi's Libyan MIGs over the Gulf of Sidra. The modernized F-14D, that Senator Kerry opposed, delivered missile strikes against Tora Bora. The Apache helicopter, that Senator Kerry opposed, took out those Republican Guard tanks in Kuwait in the Gulf War. The F-15 Eagles, that Senator Kerry opposed, flew cover over our Nation's Capital and this very city after 9/11. I could go on and on and on: against the Patriot Missile that shot down Saddam Hussein's scud missiles over Israel; against the Aegis air-defense cruiser; against the Strategic Defense Initiative; against the Trident missile; against, against, against. This is the man who wants to be the Commander in Chief of our U.S. Armed Forces? U.S. forces armed with what? Spitballs?"
Many convention delegates were enthusiastic about the speech. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported afterwards,
- "In Georgia's section of the Garden floor, delegates were joined by the state's top Republican leaders, including Gov. Sonny Perdue and U.S. Sen. Saxby Chambliss. As Miller strode to the podium, the delegates chanted "Zell, Zell, Zell" and waved red, white and blue handkerchiefs.
- Carolyn Meadows, a delegate from Cobb County, spoke of what it felt like to finally be able to cheer Georgia's oft-most popular politician.
- "As a Republican, we never voted for him or supported him, but we always liked him," she said. "Now we love him."
- "We are over the moon about him being here tonight," said Leslie Mattingly, a delegate and the wife of former U.S. Rep. Mac Mattingly, who joined her on the floor.
A commentator for US News and World Report compared the speech to the views and ideology of Andrew Jackson.
Miller's combative reaction to post-speech media interviews received almost as much attention as the speech itself.
First, in an interview with CNN, Miller had a dispute with Judy Woodruff, Wolf Blitzer, and Jeff Greenwell when they questioned him on in his speech. Their points included: that some of the weapons and weapon systems he criticized Kerry for not supporting were outdated and years ago planned for termination; that most of the votes Miller cited were cast in peacetime; and that one of his quotes from Kerry was made about the Vietnam War, not more recently about defense in general, as Miller suggested.
Second, and most [in]famously, Miller appeared in an interview with Chris Matthews on the MSNBC show Hardball. Here, Miller became visibly angry. Matthews attacked the premise of Miller's assertion that Kerry had actually voted against such defense programs by noting that in voting on appropriations bills, senators often vote against a version of a bill without wishing to oppose every item in that bill. Matthews also asked Miller to compare his hyperbolic assertion that a military under Kerry would be armed with only "spitballs" with rhetoric from Democrats that Republicans "want to starve little kids, they want to get rid of education, they want to kill the old people" and whether such level of rhetoric was constructive. When Miller expressed irritation at this line of questioning, Matthews pressed Miller with the question "Do you believe now — do you believe, Senator, truthfully, that John Kerry wants to defend the country with spitballs?" Miller at first said that he wished the interview had been face-to-face so that he could "get a little closer up into your face" and asked him to "get out of my face." Finally, objecting to Matthews' questioning, Miller said, "I wish we lived in the day where you could challenge a person to a duel." (The interview was later parodied on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and by Darrell Hammond and Will Forte on Saturday Night Live.)
Criticism
Miller had a long, successful political career, but he had his share of clashes and criticism. Some critics have called him a "flip-flopper" (one who reverses issue positions quickly and lacks fixed principles). (An artist caricatured him by using the word "flip flopper".Template:Ref) Years before becoming a U.S. senator, he was called by critics "Zigzag Zell." One example of supposed flip-flopping: In the 1980s he served two years on the board of Georgia's leading anti-lottery group, but during his gubernatorial campaign in 1990 indicated his support for a lottery only a few weeks after publicly saying he opposed a lottery. He eventually helped push through a lottery.
Former President Jimmy Carter, also a former Georgia governor, has claimed Miller shifted from moderation in his first gubernatorial term to "black-and-white" conservative in his second. National allegations of flip-flopping arose during Miller's term in the Senate, mostly after his endorsement of Bush. In 2004, Miller was an extreme critic of John Kerry, who Miller said wanted weak national defense and "to fight yesterday's war." But at a dinner in Atlanta in 2001, Miller had introduced Kerry as "one of this nation's authentic heroes, one of this party's best-known and greatest leaders - and a good friend," who had "worked to strengthen our military."
Miller has also been controversial for harsh, sometimes inflammatory remarks made in public. For instance, on the Senate floor on 2004 May 13, Miller said (though he also denounced the torture) that he refused to join in the outrage over American soldiers' torture of Iraqis at Abu Ghraib prison, because the expressed dismay was a "national act of contrition."[1] In his "Deficit of Decency" speech (which prompted him to eventually author a book of the same name) in 2004 Feb., he attributed American societal malaise to rap music, desecration of the American flag, homosexual marriage and non-Christian government, and insinuated that addressing such "indecency" by law was "of utmost importance" in order to save American civilization from extinction.
Democrats criticized Miller's speech at the Republican National Convention. Many noted factual discrepancies in Miller's speech. Some compared Miller's keynote speech to Pat Buchanan's keynote speech at the Republican Convention of 1992 and to the rhetoric that U.S. Sen. Joe McCarthy had been known to use during the 1950s. One line of particular ridicule was, "Our nation is being torn apart and made weaker because of the Democrats' manic obsession to bring down our commander-in-chief." In an interview on The Daily Show after the speech, U.S. Sen. John McCain, a Republican who was endorsing Pres. Bush, expressed some indifference to the speech. Two days after Miller's speech, NBC News reported that the day after the speech "the Bush campaign—led by the first lady—backed away from Miller's savage attack on Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, insisting that the estranged Democrat was speaking only for himself," and on the same day "Miller and his wife were removed from the list of dignitaries who would be sitting in the first family's box during the president's acceptance speech". (Although reporters were told the removal was because Miller would be too busy with interviews, there were no known media interviews conducted during the time of President Bush's speech.) Only hours before that report, First Lady Laura Bush, to an interviewer, said of Miller's speech, "I don't know that we share that point of view."
Given his increasingly conservative ideology and increasing political distance from the Democratic Party, many Democratic leaders publicly claimed that Miller was no longer a true Democrat. He did in fact stop meeting with the Democratic Party's Senatorial caucus and instead sat in on the Republican one.
Some have said that Miller remained a Democrat because of the increased attention he got when he attacked the Democratic Party as a fellow Democrat. Terry McAuliffe, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee went so far as to accuse the senator of attacking his own party in order to sell books. "If he were just another Republican with a book, he wouldn't sell any. But a Democrat out whacking Democrats sells books," McAuliffe told CNN, urging Miller to switch parties.
Many other prominent Democrats have demanded that Miller quit the party. This is extraordinary in U.S. history: Politicians have often been denounced for switching labels, but rarely for refusing to do so. In his book "A National Party No More," Miller calls himself the last "Truman Democrat" and says the party has abandoned him. He seems determined to remain at least nominally a Democrat.
On June 18, 2005 Miller endorsed former Christian Coalition leader Ralph Reed, a Republican for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia. Miller declared, "I am for Ralph Reed as strongly as I have ever been for anyone."
Remarks on Bush re-election
After President Bush was re-elected, Miller referred to the Republican victories in that election (including a sweep of five open Senate seats in the South) as a sign that Democrats didn't relate to most Americans. Calling for Democrats to change their message, he authored an editorial, which appeared in the Washington Times on Nov. 4th 2004, in which he wrote:
- "Fiscal responsibility is unbelievable in the face of massive new spending promises. A foreign policy based on the strength of 'allies' like France is unacceptable . . . A strong national defense policy is just not believable coming from a candidate who built a career as an anti-war veteran, an anti-military candidate and an anti-action senator. . . . When will national Democrats sober up and admit that that dog won't hunt? Secular socialism, heavy taxes, big spending, weak defense, limitless lawsuits and heavy regulation - that pack of beagles hasn't caught a rabbit in the South or Midwest in years." [2]
Justice Sunday II
Miller was a speaker at "Justice Sunday II," an event organized by conservative Christian evangelicals to combat perceived liberal bias in the Federal Judiciary of the United States. The event was organized by Tony Perkins and James Dobson, and held in Nashville, Tennessee on August 14, 2005.
Miller criticized the United States Supreme Court, saying, that it had "removed prayer from our public schools . . . legalized the barbaric killing of unborn babies, and it is ready to discard like an outdated hula hoop the universal institution of marriage between a man and a woman."[3]
Books
Image:A Defecit of Decency.jpg By Zell Miller:
- 1975: Mountains Within Me
- 1983: Great Georgians
- 1985: They Heard Georgia Singing
- 1997: Corps Values: Everything You Need to Know I Learned In the Marines
- 1999: The First Battalion of the 28th Marines on Iwo Jima: A Day-By-Day History from Personal Accounts and Official Reports, With Complete Muster Rolls, also by Robert E. Allen
- 2003: A National Party No More: The Conscience of a Conservative Democrat ISBN 0974537616
- 2003: foreword to What'll Ya Have: A History of the Varsity by Dick Parker
- 2005: A Deficit Of Decency ISBN 0974537632
About Zell Miller:
- 1998: "Listen to this Voice" Selected Speeches of Governor Zell Miller
- 1999: Zell, The Governor Who Gave Georgia HOPE by Richard Hyatt
- 1999: Signed, Sealed, and Delivered: The Miller Record
References
- 2001 Mar. 1, Miller's introductory speech for Kerry in Atlanta, transcript. http://web.archive.org/web/20010714233408/http://miller.senate.gov/speeches/030101jjdinner.htm
- 2004 Apr. 7, Bart Acocella (McAuliffe's speechwriter), The Gadflyer, "Zellhole", http://gadflyer.com/articles/?ArticleID=65. Terry McAuliffe's speechwriter discusses Miller's then-recent speeches and A National Party No More.
- 2004 Jul. 31 Sat., Zell Miller, Wall Street Journal, "See Y'All in New York".
- 2004 Aug. 27 Fri. 8:59 AM PT, Michael Crowley, Slate, "Zell Miller: Why the Democratic Senator Loathes Democrats", http://slate.msn.com/id/2105700/.
- 2004 Aug. 30 Mon., David de Sola, C.N.N., "The politics of music", ¶21-23, http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/29/gop.music/index.html. Includes quotes from the "Deficit of Decency" speech.
- 2004 Sep. 1; Wolf Blitzer's, Judy Woodruff's and Jeff Greenfield's interview with Zell Miller]; C.N.N.; transcript at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0409/01/se.03.html.
- 2004 Sep. 1, Hardball with Chris Matthews, interview with Zell Miller, transcript at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5892840/, MSNBC News.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Tue., Scott Henry and Mara Shalhoup, Creative Loafing (Atlanta), "Follow the Bouncing Zell".
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., Andrew Sullivan, The Daily Dish, post for 12:21:48 AM, http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2004_08_29_dish_archive.html#109409893313020605.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., Jim Galloway, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Fellow Georgians far from lukewarm".
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., New Donkey, "Dogs of War", http://www.newdonkey.com/2004/09/dogs-of-war.html.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., Jonathan Cohn, The New Republic, "Zellotry", http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=express&s=cohn090204.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed. 12:38 PM, Kevin Drum, Political Animal, "Zell Miller Roundup", http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2004_09/004615.php, Washington Monthly.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., Josh Marshall, Talking Points Memo, post for 01:52 PM EDT, http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/week_2004_08_29.php#003412.
- 2004 Sep. 2 Wed., Michael Barone, U.S. News & World Report, "The Jacksonian Persuasion", http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/baroneweb/mb_040902.htm. Positive review of Miller's speech at RNC04.
- 2004 Sep. 3 Wed., Glenn Kessler and Dan Morgan, Washington Post, "GOP Prism Distorts Some Kerry Positions".
- 2004 Sep. 3 Wed.; Andrew Sullivan; The Daily Dish; posts for 1:50:57 PM (http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2004_08_29_dish_archive.html#109423381998967517), 3:11:13 PM (http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2004_08_29_dish_archive.html#109423867326644544), 4:31:06 PM
(http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2004_08_29_dish_archive.html#109424352602424565), and 8:33:40 PM (http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2004_08_29_dish_archive.html#109425802086713760).
- Ex-Pres. Jimmy Carter's letter to Zell Miller, sent the weekend after the RNC04, http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/week_2004_09_05.php#003438.
- 2004 Sep., Washingtonian, "Best & Worst of Congress". "Inside the Beltway" poll of what Capitol Hill insiders think of various Congresspersons, incl. Zell Miller.
- 2004 Nov. 4, Stephen Dinan, Washington Times, "Stoic losers disdain change", ¶21-22.
- 2004 Nov. 2, Eleanor Clift, Newsweek online, "'We Need to Heal'", http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6392183/site/newsweek/. Interview with Jimmy Carter; includes an opinionated discription of Miller's governorship.
- SpeakOut.org, On the Issues, lists of votes and statements by Miller, http://ontheissues.org/Senate/Zell_Miller.htm.
Template:Start box
{{succession box
| title=Lieutenant Governor of Georgia
| before=Lester Maddox
| after=Pierre Howard
| years=1975 – 1991
}}
{{succession box
| title=Governor of Georgia
| before=Joe Frank Harris
| after=Roy Barnes
| years=1991 – 1999
}}
{{U.S. Senator box
| state=Georgia
| class=3
| before=Paul Coverdell|
| after=Johnny Isakson
| years=2000 – 2005
| alongside=Max Cleland, Saxby Chambliss
}}
Template:End box
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|---|---|
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