4000 series

From Free net encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Revision as of 13:25, 19 March 2006
Plugwash (Talk | contribs)
rm dropping in the new chips, its highly misleading as all the later cmos series seem to be based on other changes. Some other minor tweaks
Next diff →

Current revision

The 4000 series is the general classification used to refer to the industry standard integrated circuits which implement a variety of logic functions using CMOS technology. They were introduced by RCA as CD4000 COS/MOS in 1968, as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of TTL logic chips. Almost all IC manufacturers have fabricated this series in part or whole over the years.

Initially, the 4000 series was slower than the popular 7400 TTL chips, but had the advantage of much lower power consumption, the ability to operate over a much wider range of supply voltages, and simpler circuit design due to the vastly increased fanout. However their slower speed (initially only capable of about 1 MHz operation, compared with TTL's 10MHz) meant that their applications were limited to static or slow speed designs. Later, new fabrication technology largely overcame the speed problems, while retaining backward compatibility with most circuit designs. Although all semiconductors can be damaged by electrostatic discharge, the high impedance of CMOS inputs made them more susceptible than bipolar, TTL, devices. Eventually, the advantages of CMOS (especially the later series such as 74HC) edged out the older TTL chips, but at the same time ever increasing LSI techniques edged out the modular chip approach to design. The 4000 series is still widely available, but perhaps less important than it was two decades ago.

The 4000 series permits the use of "cookbook" design at least for slow design, where standard circuit elements can be created and shared, and connected to other circuits with few, if any, connection difficulties. This greatly speeds up the design of new hardware by reusing standard approaches to circuit design. In contrast, TTL circuits, while similarly modular, often required much more careful interfacing, since the limited fanout (and fan-in) meant that loading of each output had to be carefully considered. Some modern TTL families, like 74LS reduce this problem with fanouts of 20. It is also much easier to prototype LSI designs using the 4000 series and get repeatable and transferrable results when moving to the more integrated design.

The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s to include new types which implemented new or more greatly integrated functions, or were better versions of existing chips in the 4000 series. Most of these newer chips were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series.

[edit]

Example common 4000 series chips

4000 - dual 3-input NOR gate + 1 NOT gate
4001 - quad 2-input NOR gate
4002 - dual 4-input OR gate
4007 - dual complementary pair and inverter
4008 - 4 bit Full adder
4011 - quad 2-input NAND gate
4012 - dual 4-input NAND gate
4013 - dual D-type flip-flop
4014 - 8-bit shift register with synchronous parallel enable input
4015 - dual 4-bit shift register
4016 - quad bilateral switch
4017 - decade counter with decoded outputs
4020 - 14-bit binary counter
4021 - 8-bit shift register with asynchronous parallel load input
4022 - 4-bit binary up/down counter
4023 - triple 3-input NAND gate
4024 - 7-bit binary counter
4025 - triple 3-input NOR gate
4026 - decade counter with seven-segment display driver
4027 - dual J-K flip-flop with set and clear
4028 - 1-of-10 decoder
4029 - binary/decade up/down counter
4030 - quad 2-input XOR gate (obsoleted by 4070)
4038 - dual monostable timer
4040 - 12-stage divider/counter
4043 - Quad Tri-state Set/Reset latch
4044 - 7-segment display decoder/LCD driver
4049 - hex NOT gate (6 NOT gates) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)
4050 - hex BUFFER (6 non-inverting buffers) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)
4051 - Single 8-Channel Analogue Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
4068 - 8-input NAND/AND gate
4069 - hex NOT gate (6 NOT gates)
4070 - quad 2-input XOR gate
4071 - quad 2-input OR gate
4072 - dual 4-input OR gate
4073 - triple 3-input AND gate
4075 - triple 3-input OR gate
4077 - quad 2-input XNOR gate
4081 - quad 2-input AND gate
4082 - dual 4-input AND gate
4093 - quad 2-input NAND gate Schmitt trigger
40105 - 4 bit x 16 word fifo register
40106 - hex Schmitt trigger inverter (NOT gates)
4511 - BCD to seven-segment decoder