RESPECT The Unity Coalition

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Template:Infobox British Political Party RESPECT The Unity Coalition is a left wing British political party founded on January 25, 2004 in London. Its name is a backronym standing for Respect, Equality, Socialism, Peace, Environmentalism, Community, and Trade unionism. It is often referred to simply as Respect or as the Respect Party.

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Policies

Respect is seen by many mainstream commentators as a single-issue party focusing on opposition to the war in Iraq. However, it claims to "provide a broad-based and inclusive alternative to the parties of privatisation, war, and occupation" and to have a broad progressive agenda.

Some of the policies it has also campaigned on include:

In their founding constitution they state their overall aim as to "help create a socially just and ecologically sustainable society", giving a definition of social justice that includes "the organisation of society in the most open, participative, and accountable way practicable based on common ownership and democratic control"[1]

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Composition

Image:Respect ESF Fringe meeting.jpg Respect allows its members to hold membership of other political organisations.
It includes:

Other notable supporters include:

The coalition also has the support of:

Respect co-initiator George Monbiot, a left-wing anti-globalization writer, resigned from Respect before its launch, because Respect intended to stand members of its party against existing Green Party members of the European Parliament (MEPs). Respect had offered to form a pact with the Green Party to stand down in each other's favoured seats, but this was rejected by the Greens. This may have proved problematic as both groups favoured standing in London, where Respect has received its highest votes and the Green Party holds seats.

For the 2004 Euro elections an attempt was made by Respect to have joint slate with the Green Party as articulated in a letter by Michael Lavalette in the Guardian (5 May 2005). However, the response from Prof John Whitelegg (Guardian, May 6 2004) it is clear that this would not have been legally possible and also the Green Party had selected its candidates months previously by postal ballot, and was sceptical of the SWP influence. The given legal basis was that electoral law doesn't allow for joint slates.

After the 2005 results Respect reported that the Greens' election co-ordinator - impressed with their results - had called for further discussion about how to further built the left of Labour vote.

Although the leader of Respect is listed in the register of political parties as Linda Smith (until November 22, 2004 Nick Wrack), George Galloway is often assumed to be its leader by the mainstream media. In fact, Respect does not have a leader as such and is run by an elected "national council", a full list of whom can be found on their website. The party was originally launched by The Guardian journalist George Monbiot and Birmingham Stop the War Coalition chair Salma Yaqoob who is said to have thought up the coalition at her West Midlands home.

In its 2004 accounts filed with the Electoral Commission it noted it has one paid employee, John Rees, and had 3571 members on December 31, 2004. It had 23 branches, and had a total income of £497,565. [2]

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History and electoral performance

Image:RESPECT Bus manchester.jpg The coalition sought to challenge Tony Blair from the left at the London Assembly and European Parliament elections in 2004 and gained a quarter of a million votes. This is the best result, in aggregate, ever achieved by the socialist left outside of the Labour Party. The party claims that these votes have been achieved primarily by capitalising on the 2003 anti-war protests and by attracting the votes of "Old Labour" supporters who feel Blair has moved the party too far to the right of their socialist beliefs. The correlation between the performance of Respect and the Muslim population of an area suggests that it has succeeded in attracting the votes of some Muslims who feel alienated by Labour's support for the war.

Respect candidate Lindsey German came fifth in the 2004 London mayoral election. Its largest constituency vote in the 2004 assembly elections was in City and East London, where it polled 13.46%, reaching third place.

In their first European Parliament elections (also in 2004) Respect's proportion of the national vote was 1.7% and they failed to win any seats. Their best result was in London itself, with a relatively strong 4.8%, and their worst was in Wales and the South West, with 0.6% and 0.7% respectively. Their strongest borough was Newham, London with 21.41% of the vote. Respect finished behind the Green Party in every region where both ran, and behind the BNP everywhere but London. However, in Tower Hamlets, Respect received more votes than any other party.

The party did relatively well (for a fourth party) at the Birmingham Hodge Hill and Leicester South by-elections in 2004, with 6.3% and 12.7% of the vote respectively — enough to retain its deposit in both seats (which requires a minimum of 5% of the vote). However, in Birmingham Hodge Hill, the "anti-war vote" was split between Respect and the Liberal Democrats; Anti-Labour parties claim that, as a result, the Labour candidate won the seat.

In the Hartlepool by-election (September 30, 2004), Respect only came fifth with 572 votes and lost their deposit. Hartlepool does not have a large Muslim community and the result may be indicative of the very low underlying support it has within the non-Muslim communities that predominate in the UK.

It won its first election on July 29, 2004, when it won a ward from Labour in Tower Hamlets. The election was called after a Labour councillor was expelled for alleged corruption. In September 2004, Respect candidate Paul McGarr stood in the Tower Hamlets Millwall ward by-election and came second, pushing Labour into third place [3].

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2005 election

Template:Wikinews Respect had a breakthrough in the 2005 general election, when it ran candidates in 26 constituencies. It secured its first MP in George Galloway, who overturned the large majority of Oona King in Bethnal Green and Bow. Also, it came second in three constituencies: Birmingham Sparkbrook and Small Heath, East Ham and West Ham. By far their best result outside London was in Birmingham Sparkbrook and Small Heath, where Respect candidate Salma Yaqoob came second with 27.5% of the vote. Again claims were made that the anti-Labour vote was split by the Respect vote allowing Labour to keep the seat. This is consistent with the mathematics of the results as the Liberal Democrat and Respect vote would have beaten the Labour Vote - assuming that all those who voted for Respect would have voted for the Lib Dems or vice versa.

Professor John Curtice of Strathclyde University described Respect's overall results as "easily the best performance by a far-left party in British electoral history." However, both the Communist Party of Great Britain and Independent Labour Party received far more votes and won several seats in elections from the 1920s to the 1950s.

Again there is a strong correlation with the Respect vote and the Muslim population. Respect breakthroughs in areas without a significant Muslim vote were not demonstrated.

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International affiliation

While Respect is not part of any international organisation and has no formal links to any party from other countries, it does have fraternal links with various organisations. Respect participates however in the European Anticapitalist Left.

Respect is registered as a political party in Scotland but have claimed that this is just so no one else uses their name in Scotland. They have not stood in Scotland and have urged voters to support the Scottish Socialist Party.

In 2005 Respect took part in the second congress of the European Left. Respect's participation in this event was welcomed by the Left Party's chair Fausto Bertinotti in his closing speech.[4]

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Criticisms of Respect

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Democratic process

Critics of Respect such as the Socialist Party, as well as the Alliance for Workers' Liberty and Workers Power, former members of the Socialist Alliance, claim that it is undemocratic and has an overly London-centric, top-down approach, its initial programme having been created largely by negotiations between the SWP and George Galloway. Respect has countered this claim by stating that it is simply false, that the Respect programme was formed as an "emergency response" to the June 10 European and local elections, and that a full constitution will be developed democratically through elections at its annual conferences. Respect's policies were fleshed out to some extent at its first national conference. The resolutions passed can be found on their website.

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Equality and gay rights

Respect has also been accused of abandoning the left-wing issues of feminism, gay rights and fighting homophobia in order to attract Muslim support. While Respect included opposition to discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation in its founding declaration [5], critics claim Galloway has tended to avoid Commons votes involving equal rights for gay people - although he did vote to lower the age of consent for gay people in England and Wales to sixteen in 2000, earning him an invite to open a new Lesbian and Gay centre in Glasgow.[6] Respect's 2005 conference resolved that explicit defence of equal rights and calls for the end to all discrimination against lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people would be made in all of its manifestos and principal election materials.[7]

Respect and the LGBT community have clashed on two other notable occasions. In November 2005, Respect's largest single financial donor Dr Mohammad Naseem was accused in an article by Peter Tatchell of being homophobic due to his senior position in the Islamic Party of Britain, which he claimed advocated the "banning of gay organisations" and the "execution of homosexuals" [8]. Naseem, however, stated that the Islamic party was now little more than a thinktank, and furthermore, disagreed with the statments on the Islamic Party website which Tatchell pointed to, stating his views on homosexuality as follows: "These things are a matter of personal choice...I am not concerned with what people do in their bedrooms."[9]

In January 2006, an article attacking Tatchell's outbursts against the party was written by active Respect member [10]. and journalist Adam Yosef. Writing for Desi Xpress, Yosef accused Tatchell of Islamophobia but was attacked by gay organisations for "encouraging violence against Tatchell" and for using "xenophobic" and "homophobic" language. Yosef also used other articles to attack same-sex unions, describing them as a front for "tax fraud". Tatchell called on Respect to expel Yosef but the party responded with the following statement: "Adam Yosef has the right to voice his own opinions in his own column – they range from an ecstatic review of Birmingham’s gay pride to venting his thoughts about Peter Tatchell." [11].

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Expenses

Other criticisms have been leveled at George Galloway's refusal to accept an average worker's wage instead of a full Parliamentary salary (Galloway previously claimed he needs £150,000 a year to "function in politics" — The Scotsman, May 19, 2003), "divisive" targeting of the Muslim vote, and the lack of the distinctively socialist policies of supporting "no borders" and abolition of the British monarchy. In response, Galloway claims the majority of his wage is spent on political campaigns, not himself, a matter of some dispute. Galloway, the main representative of the party, has also been critizied for appearing as a contender in Big Brother, and, as a result, skipping parliamentary duties.

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See also

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External links

Respect publications

Articles

Template:British political partiesnn:Respect sv:Respectpartiet

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