Timeline of the French Revolution
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Timeline of the French Revolution.
Contents |
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Events preceding but pertinent to the French Revolution
- Louis XVI dismisses Turgot as finance minister
- The Diamond Necklace Affair results in the discrediting of Marie Antoinette
- Louis XVI and France face economic ruin
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Pre-Revolutionary Phase
- February 22: First Assembly of Notables, called by Charles Alexandre de Calonne against a background of state financial instability and general resistance by e.g. the aristocracy to the imposition of taxes and fiscal reforms.
- May 1: Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne replaces de Calonne as Contoller-General of Finances.
- May 25: First Assembly of Notables dissolved.
- May 8: Louis XVI issues the Lamoignon Edict which abolishes the power of parliament to review royal edicts
- August: Jacques Necker replaced as Minister for Finance; de Lomenie, Archbishop of Toulouse made Prime Minister
- November: Necker persuades the king to reconvene the Assembly of Notables.
- January 24: General unrest occasioned by economic conditions leads to the Summoning of the Estates-General for the first time since 1614
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Estates-General and Constituent Assembly
- May 5: Meeting of the Estates-General
- June 10: The Third Estate (Tiers Etat) (commons) votes for the common verification of credentials, in opposition to the First Estate (the clergy) and the Second Estate (the aristocracy)
- June 17: The Third Estate (commons) declares itself as a National Assembly
- June 20: Third Estate/National Assembly are locked out of meeting houses by royal decree; the Third Estate chooses to continue despite decree and decides upon a declarative vow, known as the "serment au Jeu de Paume" (The Tennis Court Oath), not to dissolve until the constitution has been established
- June 23: Two companies of French guards mutiny in the face of public unrest
- June 24: 48 nobles, headed by the Duke of Orleans, side with the Third Estate. A significant number of the clergy follow their example.
- June 27: Louis orders the First and Second estates to join the Third.
- June 30: Large crowd storms left bank prison and frees mutinous French Guards
- July 1: Louis recruits more troops, among them many foreign mercenaries
- July 9: National Assembly reconstitutes itself as National Constituent Assembly
- July 11: Necker dismissed by Louis; populace sack the monasteries, ransack aristocrats homes in search of food and weapons
- July 12: The Prince de Lambesc appears at the Tuilleries with an armed guard.
- July 14: Storming of the Bastille; de l'Aulnay, (the governor), Foulon (the Secretary of State) and de Flesselle (the then equivalent of the mayor of Paris), amongst others, are massacred
- July 15: Lafayette appointed Commander of the National Guard
- July 16: Necker recalled, troops pulled out of Paris
- July 17: The beginning of the Great Fear, the peasantry revolt against feudalism and a number of urban disturbances and revolts
- August 4: Surrender of feudal rights
- August 27: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen approved by the National Assembly
- October 5-6: Outbreak of the Paris mob; Liberal monarchical constitution; the Women's March on Versailles
- November 2: Church property nationalised and otherwise expropriated
- December 12 Assignats are used as legal tender
- February 13 Suppression of monastic vows and religious orders
- July 12 The Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Demands priests to take an oath of loyalty to the state, splitting the clergy between juring (oath-taking) and non-juring preists.
- July 14: Constitution accepted by King Louis XVI; the first Fete of Federation begins, celebrating the fall of the Bastille.
- July: Growing power of the clubs (including: Cordeliers, Jacobin Club)
- July: Reorganisation of Paris
- September: Fall of Necker
- January 30: Mirabeau elected President of the Assembly
- February 28: Day of Daggers; Lafayette orders the arrest of 400 armed aristocrats at the Tuileries
- March 2: Abolition of trade guilds
- April 2: Death of Mirabeau
- April 13: Papal bull, Cavitas, condemning the Civil Constitution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is published
- June 14: Le Chapelier law banning trade unions is passed by National Assembly
- June 20–25: Royal family's flight to Varennes
- June 25: Louis XVI forced to return to Paris
- July 10: Leopold II issues the Padua Circular calling on the royal houses of Europe to come to his brother-in-law, Louis XVI's aid.
- July 15: National Assembly declares the king to be inviolable and he is reinstated.
- July 17: Champ-de-Mars massacre in which the National Guard fire on protestors against the reinstatement of the king
- August 27: Declaration of Pillnitz ( Frederick William II and Leopold II)
- September 13–14: Louis XVI accepts the constitution formally
- September 30: Dissolution of the National Constituent Assembly
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Legislative Assembly
- October 1: Legislative Assembly meets
- November 9 All emigrés are ordered by the Assembly to return under threat of death
- November 11 Louis vetoes the ruling of the Assembly on emigrés.
- January – March : Food riots in Paris
- February 7: Alliance of Austria and Prussia
- April 20: French declare war against Austria
- August 10–13: Storming of the Tuileries Palace. Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody, along with his family
- August 19 Lafayette flees to Austria
- August 22 Royalist riots in Brittany, La Vendée and Dauphiné
- September 2–7: The September Massacres
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The National Convention
- September 20: Battle of Valmy
- September 20: Final sessions of the Legislative Assembly and first meeting of the National Convention; unanimous vote for the abolition of the monarchy
- September 20: France declared a Republic by the National Convention
- October 10: The terms monsieur and madame are banned by decree, to be replaced with citoyen and citoyenne
- December 11: Commencement of the trial of Louis XVI before the Convention
- January 14: The Convention votes almost unanimously in affirmation of Louis' guilt
- January 17: A sentence of death is imposed on the King by the majority of a single vote
- January 21: Execution of Louis XVI
- February 1: War declared against Britain, Holland, Spain
- February 14: France annexes Monaco
- March: Royalist revolt in the Vendée
- March 10: Establishment of the Revolutionary Tribunal
- April 6: Power centered in the Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security
- June 2: Arrest of 31 Girondist deputies
- June 24: Ratification of the Constitution of 1793 (the Constitution was never put into effect)
- July 12: Royalist revolt in Toulon
- July 13: Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat
- July 27: Robespierre joins the Committee of Public Safety
- August 23: Levy of entire male population, the Levée en masse
- September 17: Passing of the Law of Suspects
- September 29: Passing of the Law of Maximum Général, a comprehensive program of wage and price controls
- October 9: Lyon retaken by republicans from royalists
- October 16: Execution of Marie Antoinette
- October 31: Execution of Girondist leaders
- November 8: Madame Roland executed
- November 10: Abolition of the worship of god: Cult of Reason
- December: Retreat of the allies across the Rhine
- December 19: English evacuate Toulon
- December 23: Battle of Savenay crushes the royalist revolt in La Vendée
- January 19: English land in Corsica
- February 4: Abolition of slavery in colonies
- March 24: Execution of the Hébertists
- April 2: Trial of Danton begins
- April 6: Execution of the Dantonists
- May 7: Beginning of Cult of the Supreme Being
- June 8: Festival of the Supreme Being
- June 10: Law of 22 Prairial
- June 26: Battle of Fleurus (1794) (French victory in Belgium)
- July 2-July 13: Battle of the Vosges (French victory on the Rhine)
- July 27: Fall of Maximilien Robespierre (9 Thermidor)
- December 24: Repeal of maximum
- March 5: Peace of Basel (Prussia withdraws from war)
- April 1: Bread riots in Paris
- June 8: Death of the dauphin ( Louis XVII)
- August 22: Constitution of 1795
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The Directory
- October 5: 13 Vendémiaire - Napoleon's "whiff of grape-shot"
- October 26: Convention dissolved; Directory begins
- March 5: War against the Holy Roman Empire
- March 9: Marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte and Josephine
- May 10: Battle of Lodi (Napoleon in Italy)
- July: Siege of Mantua
- April 18: Preliminary Peace of Leoben
- July 8: Cisalpine Republic established
- September 4: Coup d'Etat at Paris (republicans over reactionaries)
- October 17: Treaty of Campo Formio
- February: Roman Republic proclaimed
- April: Helvetian Republic proclaimed
- July 21: Battle of the Pyramids
- August 1: Battle of the Nile
- December 24: Alliance between Russia and Britain
- June 17–19: Battle of the Trebia (Suvorov defeats French)
- August 24: Napoleon leaves Egypt
- October 22: Russians withdraw from coalition
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Beginning of the Napoleonic Era
There is no precise date for the beginning of the Napoleonic Era. The coup of 18 Brumaire produced the effective dissolution of the Directory; the constitution some six weeks later produced its formal end.
- November 9: The Coup d'Etat of 18 Brumaire: end of the Directory
- December 24: Constitution of the Year VIII: Dictatorship of Napoleon established under the Consulatede:Zeittafel zur Französischen Revolution
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