Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
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Template:Infobox IPA The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative or laminal postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:IPA, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is s\.
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Features
Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is produced by directing air flow through a groove in the tongue at the place of articulation and directing it over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal, that is, palatalized laminal postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurs in
- In some dialects of German, particularly those spoken in the Rhineland, the sound known by Germans as ich-Laut (in most dialects, a voiceless palatal fricative) is realized as Template:IPA. In those dialects, the voiced and voiceless alveolo-palatal fricatives are allophones.
- In Japanese, /s/ is assimilated when it is followed by [i] or [j] and is pronounced Template:IPA instead of [si]. It is Romanized as shi, or less commonly, si.
- In Mandarin, the Pinyin letter for Template:IPA is x. This sound is also found in the affricates j Template:IPA and q Template:IPA.
- Template:IPA is a contrastive phoneme of Swedish and is realized as Template:IPA in almost all dialects except in Finland-Swedish, where it is mostly affricated as Template:IPA and Template:IPA is used as an allophone of Template:IPA. Example: Template:Audio; Template:IPA; "skirt"
- In Polish, Template:IPA, written ś or si, is a phoneme different from both Template:IPA (s) and Template:IPA (sz). The affricate Template:IPA (ć respectively ci) also occurs in Polish.
English
The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative does not occur in English, and many English speakers have difficulty distinguishing it from [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|Template:IPA]] or [ç]. This can be seen, for example, in the realization by some English speakers of German ich (Standard German Template:IPA) as Template:IPA, possibly influenced by dialects of German where the pronunciation is Template:IPA. Some English speakers, especially Americans, realize /s/ in front of /t/ as Template:IPA or something similar, for example in estimate.
See also
Template:Consonantsde:Stimmloser alveolopalataler Frikativ fr:Consonne fricative alvéolo-palatale sourde ja:無声歯茎硬口蓋摩擦音 sv:Tonlös alveolopalatal frikativa