October 11
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October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). There are 81 days remaining.
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Events
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1614 - Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
- 1776 - American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island - On Lake Champlain 15 American gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
- 1809 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
- 1811 - Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
- 1850 - The University of Sydney is established in Sydney, Australia, with a staff of three professors and 24 students as the nation's oldest university.
- 1862 - American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
- 1865 - Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
- 1890 - In Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
- 1899 - Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
- 1906 - San Francisco public school board sparks United States diplomatic crisis with Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
- 1910 - Ex-president Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes in a plane built by the Wright Brothers at Kinloch aviation field, St. Louis, Missouri.
- 1929 - JC Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
- 1930 - Collingwood Football Club in Melbourne, Australia, won the premiership (football competition) for the fourth consecutive year.
- 1932 - Franklin D. Roosevelt recieves letter from Einstein about atom bomb.
- 1942 - World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance - On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
- 1944 - Tuvinian People's Republic or formerly Tannu Tuva was annexed by the U.S.S.R
- 1950 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however).
- 1954 - First Indochina War: The Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
- 1958 - Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
- 1962 - Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
- 1967 - Afghan Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal resigns for health reasons
- 1968 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
- 1975 - Saturday Night Live debuts with George Carlin as the guest host.
- 1982 - The Mary Rose, a Tudor gunship which sunk on July 18th 1545, is raised from the sea bed in the Solent Channel, near to Portsmouth.
- 1984 - Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
- 1986 - Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
- 1987 - March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights attracts between 500,000 and 600,000 people to protest the Bowers v. Hardwick decision and the U.S. government's handling of the AIDS epidemic; first public display of the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.
- 1998 - A Congo Air Lines Boeing 727 is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 40
- 1999 - The Lord of the Rings movies begin principal photography.
- 2001 - The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
- 2002 - A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland. See Myyrmanni bombing.
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Births
- 1616 - Andreas Gryphius, German writer (d. 1664)
- 1661 - Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742)
- 1671 - King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730)
- 1675 - Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
- 1738 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
- 1758 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (d. 1840)
- 1786 - Stevenson Archer (1786-1848), American Congressman
- 1788 - Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867)
- 1815 - Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, Italian-born adventurer and politician (d.1881)
- 1821 - George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905)
- 1844 - Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916)
- 1863 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (d. 1912)
- 1872 - Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
- 1881 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist
- 1884 - Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
- 1884 - Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
- 1885 - François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- 1895 - Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982)
- 1918 - Jerome Robbins, American choreographer (d. 1998)
- 1919 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
- 1919 - Jean Vander Pyl, American voice actress (d. 1999)
- 1924 - Mal Whitfield, American athlete
- 1925 - Elmore Leonard, American novelist
- 1926 - Neville Wran, Premier of New South Wales
- 1928 - Alfonso de Portago, Spanish race car driver (d. 1957)
- 1930 - Sam Johnson, American politician
- 1932 - Dottie West, American singer (d. 1991)
- 1937 - Bobby Charlton, English former professional footballer
- 1939 - Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player
- 1939 - Austin Currie, Northern Irish politician
- 1942 - Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, anchor and producer
- 1943 - John Nettles, English actor
- 1946 - Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast
- 1949 - Daryl Hall, American musician
- 1951 - Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer and songwriter
- 1953 - David Morse, American actor
- 1956 - Nicanor Duarte Frutos, President of Paraguay
- 1957 - Dawn French, Welsh comedienne
- 1961 - Amr Diab, Egyptian pop-star
- 1962 - Nicola Bryant, British actress
- 1962 - Joan Cusack, American actress and comedienne
- 1964 - Michael J. Nelson, American actor/writer on Mystery Science Theater 3000
- 1965 - Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor
- 1966 - Luke Perry, American actor
- 1969 - Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
- 1970 - U-God, American rapper
- 1972 - Claudia Black, Australian actress
- 1973 - Dmitri Young, baseball player
- 1973 - Takeshi Kaneshiro, Actor/Model
- 1974 - Jason Arnott, Canadian hockey player
- 1977 - Claudia Palacios, Colombian television journalist
- 1977 - Ty Wigginton, baseball player
- 1985 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
- 1989 - Michelle Wie, American golfer
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Deaths
- 1188 - Robert I of Dreux, son of Louis VI of France
- 1303 - Pope Boniface VIII
- 1347 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282)
- 1424 - Jan Zizka, leader of the Hussites (b. 1370)
- 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484)
- 1611 - John Cowell, English jurist (b. 1554)
- 1705 - Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
- 1708 - Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
- 1721 - Edward Colston, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1636)
- 1725 - Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (b. 1639)
- 1779 - Kazimierz Pułaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745)
- 1809 - Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (b. 1774)
- 1811 - Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724)
- 1821 - John Ross Key, American judge and lawyer (b. 1754)
- 1852 - Ferdinand Eisenstein, German mathematician (b. 1823)
- 1889 - James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818)
- 1896 - Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
- 1896 - Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)
- 1935 - Steele Rudd, Australian author (b. 1868)
- 1940 - Lluís Companys, President of Generalitat of Catalonia (shot) (b. 1882)
- 1940 - Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860)
- 1961 - Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887)
- 1963 - Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889)
- 1963 - Édith Piaf, French singer and actress (b. 1915)
- 1965 - Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895)
- 1976 - Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author (b. 1897)
- 1977 - MacKinlay Kantor, American author (b. 1904)
- 1989 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904)
- 1991 - Steven Jesse Bernstein, American underground poet (suicide) (b. 1950)
- 1991 - Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
- 1993 - Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927)
- 1996 - Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907)
- 2000 - Donald Dewar, First Minister of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1937)
- 2004 - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919)
- 2005 - Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister in exile (b. 1915)
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Holidays
- Roman Empire - Meditrinalia is held in honor of Meditrina
- RC Saints - memorial of the blessed Pope John XXIII
- United States - National Coming Out Day (not a federal holiday)
- United States - in Indiana:General Pulaski Memorial Day
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External links
October 10 - October 12 - September 11 - November 11 – more historical anniversaries
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