List of official languages
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Official languages of sovereign countries
- South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Chad (with French)
- Comoros (with French and Shikomor)
- Djibouti (with French)
- Egypt
- Eritrea (with Tigrignan)
- Iraq (with Kurdish)
- Israel (with Hebrew)
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia (witch Somali)
- Sudan
- Syria
- The United Arab Emirates
- Tunisia
- Western Sahara (with Spanish)
- Yemen
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian)
- People's Republic of China (for most areas, Mandarin is spoken, Simplified Chinese is written)
- Hong Kong (both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto , Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with English)
- Macau (both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto , Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with Portuguese)
- Republic of China (Taiwan) (Mandarin is spoken, Traditional Chinese is written)
- Singapore (Mandarin is spoken, Simplified Chinese is written; co-official with Malay, English and Tamil)
- some municipalities in Austria (with German)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Serbian)
- Croatia
- part of Serbia and Montenegro
- Vojvodina (with Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- Denmark
- Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
- Greenland (with Inuktitut)
Dari:
- Afghanistan (with Pashtu)
- Belgium (with French and German)
- The Netherlands (with Frisian)
- Suriname
- The Netherlands Antilles
- Aruba
- Australia
- Bahamas
- Belize
- Botswana (but the national language is Setswana)
- Canada (federally, with French)
- New Brunswick (with French)
- Nova Scotia (with French)
- Nunavut (with French, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
- Yukon (with French)
- Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Hindustani)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Guyana
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Republic of Ireland (with Irish)
- Jamaica
- Kenya (with Kiswahili)
- Kiribati
- Liberia
- Namibia
- New Zealand (with Maori)
- Nigeria
- Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)
- Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Motu)
- Philippines (but the national language is Filipino)
- St. Kitts and Nevis
- St. Lucia
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (with Malay, Tamil and Chinese)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Uganda
- United Kingdom (de facto)
- United States (de facto)
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe (with Chichewa)
- Fiji (with English and Hindustani)
- Philippines (with English)
- Belgium (with Dutch and German)
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi (with Kirundi and Swahili)
- Cameroon (with English)
- Canada (federally, with English)
- New Brunswick (with English)
- Quebec
- Nunavut (with English, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
- Yukon (with English)
- Central African Republic
- Chad (with Arabic)
- Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)
- Congo-Brazzaville
- Congo-Kinshasa
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Djibouti (with Arabic)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish)
- France
- Gabon
- Guinea
- Haiti (with Haitian Creole)
- part of Italy
- the Aosta Valley (with Italian)
- Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)
- Madagascar (with Malagasy)
- Mali
- Mauritius (with English)
- Monaco
- Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
- Senegal
- Seychelles (with English)
- Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
- Togo
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)
- The Netherlands (with Dutch)
- Austria
- Belgium (with Dutch and French)
- Germany
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)
- part of Italy
- South Tyrol (with Italian)
- Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)
- 17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)
- Graubünden (with Italian and Romansh)
- Bern, Fribourg (with French)
- Paraguay (with Spanish)
- Haiti (with French)
- Israel (with Arabic)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
- Hungary
- part of Slovenia
- part of Serbia and Montenegro
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Irish Gaelic is the national and first official language of:
- Ireland (with English)
- Italy (with German, French, Ladin and Sardinian in some provinces)
- Switzerland (with German, French, and Rhaeto-Romansh)
- Ticino
- Graubünden (with German and Rhaeto-Romansh)
- San Marino
- part of Croatia
- Istria county (with Croatian)
- part of Slovenia
- Kazakhstan (with Russian)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- North Korea
- South Korea
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Iraq (with Arabic)
- Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Lao:
- Malta (with English)
- New Zealand (with English)
Moldovan (asserted by Moldova state representatives to be distinct from Romanian; most linguists remain skeptical):
- Mongolia
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
New Zealand Sign Language:
- New Zealand (alongside Māori and English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)
- Afghanistan (with Dari-Persian)
- Iran
- Afghanistan (called Dari-Persian in Afghanistan) (with Pashtu)
- Tajikistan (called Tajiki-Persian in Tajikistan)
- Angola
- Brazil
- Cape Verde
- East Timor (with Tetum)
- Guinea-Bissau
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Mozambique
- Portugal
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- part of Spain
- Moldova (known locally as Moldovan, and asserted by nationalists to be a separate language, an assertion disputed by most professional linguists)
- Romania
- part of Serbia and Montenegro
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- Switzerland (with German, French, and Italian)
- Graubünden (with German and Italian)
- Belarus (with Belarusian)
- Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)
- Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)
- Russia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian)
- Serbia and Montenegro
- Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
- Slovakia
- part of Serbia and Montenegro
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)
- Slovenia
- Italy
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia (with Italian)
- Austria
- Carinthia (with German)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Argentina
- Bolivia (with Aymara and Quechua)
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea (with French)
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Mexico
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay (with Guaraní)
- Peru (with Quechua)
- Puerto Rico (see entry for United States below)
- Spain (Aranese, Basque, Catalan and Galician are co-official in some regions)
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Western Sahara (with Arabic)
- Swaziland (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- Sweden (de facto)
- Finland (with Finnish)
- Åland (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)
- Tajikistan
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Singapore (with Malay, English and Chinese)
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
- East Timor (with Portuguese)
Thai:
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Motu)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Urdu:
- India (with 22 other official languages)
- Pakistan (with English, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Siraiki, Balochi)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)
Zulu:
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)
Official languages at the level of state or provincial unit only
Aranese see Occitan
- Basque Country (with Spanish)
- Navarre (with Spanish)
- Hong Kong (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with English)
- Macao (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
- parts of Spain
- Balearic Islands (with Spanish)
- Catalonia (with Spanish)
- Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
Cree:
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Dogrib, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
- parts of the United States. The USA Federal Government can not declare an official language by federal law, since the United States is comprised of sovereign states. The official language is decided by majority of the states whose official languages are declared; English is the first language by custom and majority. See English-only movement. English is official language in the following states and territories:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Louisiana (with French)
- Massachusetts
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- New Hampshire
- New Mexico (with Spanish)
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Puerto Rico (with Spanish)
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Virginia
- West Virginia
- Wyoming
- Louisiana (co-official with English in the state of Louisiana)
- Galicia (with Spanish)
NOTE: Whether Galician is in fact a language, or a dialect of Portuguese, is a matter of debate among linguists.
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Inuktitut, and Slavey)
- Hawai'i (co-official with English in the state of Hawai'i)
- Greenland (with Danish)
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuvialuktun)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Gwich'in, and Slavey)
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
- Northwest Territories (included in Inuktitut; with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Gwich'in, and Slavey)
- Val d'Aran (with Catalan and Spanish)
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
Sami:
- Finland (in four municipalities)
- Norway (in six municipalities)
- Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, French, Gwich'in, and Inuktitut)
- United States (co-official with English in New Mexico)
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- French Polynesia (with French)
- Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
- Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Part of Russia
A map of official languages: (note: source is CIA World Factbook. Countries that include several official languages only use one, often to avoid adding languages to the chart unnecessarily, preventing confusion. In showing de facto as well as de jure official languages, the map employs a looser definition of "official language" than that used in this article.) Official Languages Maps
See also
- Official language
- National language
- List of official languages by institution
- List of official languages by state
- List of Chinese dialects
- List of national languages of India
- Languages of Pakistanang:Getalu ambihtlicra sprǣca
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