July 7
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July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining.
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Events
- 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
- 1534 - European colonization of the Americas: First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
- 1543 - French troops invade Luxembourg.
- 1668 - Isaac Newton received an MA from Trinity College, Cambridge.
- 1777 - Battle of Hubbardton during the American Revolutionary War
- 1798 - Quasi-War: The U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the 'war.'
- 1799 - Ranjit Singh's men take up their positions outside Lahore.
- 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the Fourth Coalition.
- 1846 - Mexican War: American troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.
- 1863 - United States begins first military draft; exemptions cost $100
- 1865 - American Civil War: Four conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
- 1898 - History of United States overseas expansion: President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
- 1915 - A Great Gorge and International Railway trolley with an extreme overload of 157 passengers crashed near Queenston, Ontario, killing 15.
- 1917 - Russian Revolution: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov forms Provisional Government in Russia after the deposing of the tsar.
- 1930 - Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
- 1937 - Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge - Japanese forces invade Beijing, China.
- 1941 - World War II: American forces land in Iceland to forestall an invasion by Germany.
- 1946 - Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
- 1946 - Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 spy plane prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
- 1947 - Downed UFO believed to be found in the Roswell UFO incident.
- 1954 - In Memphis, Tennessee, WHBQ becomes the first radio station to air an Elvis Presley record.
- 1958 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into United States law.
- 1959 - 14:28 UT Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event was used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
- 1969 - In Canada, the Official Languages Act is adopted making the French language equal to the English language throughout the Federal government.
- 1978 - The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
- 1983 - Cold War: Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Premier Yuri Andropov
- 1991 - Yugoslav Wars: Brioni Agreement ended ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- 1994 - Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen, completing the reunification of Yemen.
- 2000 - Tottoko Hamutaro anime begins.
- 2003 - The United Communist Party of Armenia was formed.
- 2004 - The last patent on the LZW compression algorithm (in Canada) expires.
- 2005 - A series of four terrorist explosions occur on London's transport system killing 52 innocent people plus all four suicide bombers.
- 2005 - Influenced by Live 8, the G8 leaders pledged to double 2004 levels of aid to Africa from US$25 to US$50 billion by the year 2010.
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Births
- 1053 - Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
- 1119 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
- 1586 - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (d. 1646)
- 1746 - Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (d. 1826)
- 1752 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
- 1843 - Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
- 1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, President of Brazil
- 1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920)
- 1860 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
- 1884 - Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist and narrator (d. 1958)
- 1887 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
- 1893 - Miroslav Krleža, Croatian writer (d. 1981)
- 1899 - George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
- 1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian director (d. 1974)
- 1901 - Sam Katzman, American film producer (d. 1973)
- 1902 - Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe, baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1906 - William Feller, Croatian mathematician (d.1970)
- 1906 - Leroy "Satchel" Paige, baseball player (d. 1982)
- 1907 - Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer (d. 1988)
- 1908 - Revilo P. Oliver, American professor and Racial Nationalist (d. 1994)
- 1911 - Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer
- 1915 - Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
- 1917 - Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
- 1919 - Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
- 1922 - Pierre Cardin, French fashion designer
- 1927 - Doc Severinsen, American composer and musician
- 1932 - Josef Zawinul, Austrian musician and composer
- 1933 - Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner
- 1933 - David McCullough, American historian and author
- 1937 - Tung Chee-Hwa, Hong Kong administrator
- 1940 - Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey), English drummer and singer (The Beatles)
- 1941 - Michael Howard, British politician
- 1941 - Bill Oddie, English comedian and ornithologist
- 1942 - Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
- 1943 - Toto Cutugno, Italian singer
- 1945 - Michael Ancram, British politician
- 1947 - Howard Rheingold American author
- 1949 - Shelley Duvall, American actress
- 1959 - Ben Linder, American engineer (murdered) (d. 1987)
- 1965 - Paula Devicq, Canadian actress
- 1966 - Gundula Krause, German folk violinist
- 1967 - Jackie Neal, American singer
- 1968 - Jeff VanderMeer, American writer
- 1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian hockey player
- 1969 - Cree Summer, Canadian voice actress and singer
- 1970 - Wayne McCullough, Northern Irish boxer
- 1974 - Karlis Skrastins, Latvian-born hockey player
- 1975 - Michael Voss, Australian footballer
- 1980 - Deidre Downs, American beauty queen
- 1980 - Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
- 1981 - Brian "Synyster Gates" Haner, Jr., American musician (Avenged Sevenfold)
- 1982 - Elise Crombez, Belgian fashion model
- 1982 - Mike Glita, American Bassist (Senses Fail)
- 1986 - Gary Brolsma, creator of the numa numa video
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Deaths
- 1129 - Emperor Shirakawa, emperor of Japan (b. 1053)
- 1304 - Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
- 1307 - King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
- 1537 - Madeleine de Valois, wife of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
- 1572 - King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (b. 1520)
- 1573 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (b. 1507)
- 1647 - Thomas Hooker, Connecticut colonist (b. 1586)
- 1701 - William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
- 1713 - Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford and privy councillor (b. 1632)
- 1764 - William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician (b. 1683)
- 1776 - Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
- 1790 - François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
- 1816 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and politician (b. 1751)
- 1855 - Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
- 1880 - Lydia Child, American novelist and abolitionist (b. 1802)
- 1901 - Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
- 1930 - Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (b. 1859)
- 1932 - Alexander Grin, Russian novelist (b. 1880)
- 1949 - Bunk Johnson, American musician (b. 1879 or 1889)
- 1956 - Gottfried Benn, German poet (b. 1886)
- 1964 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (b. 1904)
- 1965 - Moshe Sharett, second Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
- 1967 - Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913)
- 1971 - Claude Gauvreau, Canadian writer (b. 1925)
- 1971 - Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b1901)
- 1972 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1886)
- 1972 - King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
- 1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
- 1973 - Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1919)
- 1980 - Dore Schary, American film producer and writer (b. 1905)
- 1990 - Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
- 2000 - Kenny Irwin, Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
- 2001 - Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
- 2003 - Buddy Ebsen, American actor (b. 1908)
- 2003 - Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian-born conductor (b. 1924)
- 2005 - Casualties of the 7 July 2005 London bombings
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Holidays and observances
- Bhutan - Guru Rinpoche
- Japan - Tanabata
- Roman Empire - Nonae Caprotinae festival in honor of Juno
- Russia and Ukraine - Ivan Kupala
- Solomon Islands - Independence Day (1978)
- Spain - San Fermín festival or running of the bulls, in Pamplona, Navarre.
- Tanzania - Saba Saba Day (or Peasants' Day, founding of the TANU party, 1954)
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External links
July 6 - July 8 - June 7 - August 7 -- listing of all days
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