List of extinct states

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This page attempts to list the many extinct states, countries, nations, lands, or territories, grouped into a number of categories. Template:TOCright

Contents

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Ancient and medieval states

States and realms that disappeared in ancient history.

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Ancient Europe, North Africa and the Near East

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South Asia

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China and South East Asia

A number of small states existed in what is now China in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. These states were subsumed by either the Qin or those states that were defeated by Qin. The culmination of the Qin conquests was the creation of the first unified Chinese state in 221 BC. These extinct states were:

China was to remain unified until the period of the Three Kingdoms, which came about after the fall of the Han Dynasty in 190. These states were eventually reunified by the Jin Dynasty in 280. These were the Kingdom of Shu, the Kingdom of Wei and the Kingdom of Wu. China did not remain unified for long under the Jin dynasty and the period known as the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-439) saw a number of short-lived states emerge in northern China, after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to southern China. These states were:

The early Chinese states had an influence on the surrounding region. A number of now-extinct states formed under Chinese influence along the Silk Road including:

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Korea

The early history of Korea was as complex as that of neighbouring China. A number of Korean states existed on the peninsula and reached up into Manchuria before the formation of the modern state of Korea. These included:

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Pre-Columbian Americas

The Americas have historically been home to a number of indigenous states, civilizations and societies of great complexity. Of those indigenous states which were still in existence by the time of the first permanent European colonizations from the late fifteenth century onwards were soon substantively destroyed and/or absorbed. The below list includes both those which had ceased to exist before this European arrival, and those which ceased to independently function as a result of this impact. Note also that the definition of "state" or "civilization" in this context can be problematic or contested.

In addition, there were a wide variety of pre-Inca cultures, few of which developed into organised states.

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Medieval Europe, North Africa and the Near East

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British Isles

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire there followed a period where the Romano-British political entity fragmented caused mainly by the Celtic system of dividing a realm between the sons of a king on his death. This situation was made worse after c.449 when Jutish and later Anglo-Saxon began colonising the eastern and southern seaboards and driving inland. Eventually the Romano-Britons (now known to the Anglo-Saxons as "Welsh") were assimilated or driven into the highlands of Cambria (Wales) or Caledonia (Scotland). Wales and Scotland will be considered separately to what once existed in England.

Romano-British and Welsh kingdoms in England


Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England

Romano-British and Welsh kingdoms in Wales

Wales experienced a similar history during this time, although the Welsh population successfully resisted the influx of Anglo-Saxon settlers into the British Isles. The country was home to a number of princedoms until England's ultimate conquest of the region in the later medieval period.

Romano-British and Welsh kingdoms in Scotland

Pictish kingdoms in Scotland

  • Cait — situated in modern Caithness and Sutherland
  • Ce — situated in modern Mar and Buchan
  • Circinn — perhaps situated in modern Angus and the Mearns[37]
  • Fib — the modern Fife, known to this day as 'the Kingdom of Fife'
  • Fidach — location unknown
  • Fotla — modern Atholl (Ath-Fotla)[38]
  • Fortriu — cognate with the Verturiones of the Romans; recently shown to be centered around Moray

Gaelic kingdoms in Scotland


Extinct kingdoms in Ireland

Ireland during the early medieval period, consisted of a number of small tribal kingdoms. These were nominally unified into a single state, the Lordship of Ireland, between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. This was followed by a Kingdom of Ireland, which existed until Ireland's union with the rest of the British Isles in 1800. The most prominent of the tribal kingdoms were:

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Elsewhere

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Modern states

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States and territories grouped by geographical location

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Europe

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Asia

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East Asia

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North America

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Latin America

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Pre-colonial Africa

See also: List of Great Lakes kingdoms and East African City-States
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States and territories grouped by type

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Former colonies, possessions, protectorates and territories

These were all colonies, most of which were renamed after their independence.

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Dissolved countries

These states are now dissolved into a number of countries.

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Renamed countries

Template:Main These country names have been replaced.

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Nominally independent homelands of South Africa

Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black people, were granted nominal independence from South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these puppet states were re-incorporated in 1994.

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Secessionist states

These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.

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Annexed countries

These nations, once separate, are now part of another country.

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See also

es:Lista de países extintos fr:Liste des pays disparus os:Историон бæстæтæ csb:Lësta historëcznëch krôjów ë òbéńdów nl:Lijst van voormalige landen ja:消滅した政権一覧 no:Liste over historiske stater pt:Criptarquia ro:Lista statelor dispărute ru:Исторические государства и территории sl:Seznam propadlih držav sr:Списак бивших држава fi:Historialliset valtiot sv:Lista över icke längre existerande riken och länder vi:Danh sách các nước không còn nữa zh:已不存在国家列表

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