List of state leaders in 1978

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Africa

• Algeria -
  1. Houari Boumédiènne, President of Algeria (1965-1978)
  2. Rabah Bitat, President of Algeria (1978-1979)
• Angola -
  • President - António Agostinho Neto, President of Angola (1975-1979)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lopo do Nascimento, Prime Minister of Angola (1975-9 December 1978)
    2. Position eliminated
• Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991)
• Botswana - Seretse Khama, President of Botswana (1966-1980)
• Burundi
  • President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976-1987)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Édouard Nzambimana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1976-1978)
    2. Position eliminated
• Cape Verde
  • President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
  • Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
• Comoros
  • President -
    1. Ali Soilih, President of the Comoros (1976-1978)
    2. Said Atthoumani, President of the Comoros (1978)
    3. Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abdallah Mohamed, President of the Comoros (1976-1978)
    2. Salim Ben Ali, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1978-1982)
• Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
• Djibouti -
  • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ahmed Dini Ahmed, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1977-1978)
    2. Abdallah Mohamed Kamil, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978)
    3. Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
• Equatorial Guinea - Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong, President of Equatorial Guinea (1968-1979)
• Ethiopia - Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen of the Provisional Military Administrative Council (1977-1987), President of Ethiopia (1987-1991)
• Gabon
  • President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
  • Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
• The Gambia - Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
• Guinea
  • President - Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958-1984)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime Minister of Guinea (1972-1984)
• Kenya -
  1. Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (1964-1978)
  2. Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
• Liberia - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (1971-1980)
• Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
• Mali - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968-1991)
• Mauritania
  • President -
    1. Moktar Ould Daddah, President of Mauritania (1960-1978)
    2. Mustafa Ould Salek, President of Mauritania (1978-1979)
• Mauritius
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
  • Governor-General -
    1. Henry Garrioch, Governor-General of Mauritius (1977-1978)
    2. Dayendranath Burrenchobay, Governor-General of Mauritius (1978-1983)
  • Prime Minister - Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1968-1982)
• Mozambique - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975-1986)
• Nigeria - Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1976-1979)
• Rhodesia -
  • President -
    1. John Wrathall, President of Rhodesia (1976-1978)
    2. Henry Everard, acting President of Rhodesia (1978)
    3. Jack William Pithey, acting President of Rhodesia (1978-1979)
  • Prime Minister - Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (1965-1979)
• Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  • President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
  • Prime Minister - Miguel Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (1975-1979)
• Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
• Somalia - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969-1991)
• Swaziland
  • Monarch - Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (1968-1982)
  • Prime Minister - Maphevu Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1976-1979)
• Togo - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
• Uganda - Idi Amin, President of Uganda (1971-1979)
• Upper Volta
  • President - Sangoulé Lamizana, President of Upper Volta (1966-1980)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1974-1978)
    2. Joseph Conombo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (1978-1980)
• Zambia
  • President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mainza Chona, Prime Minister of Zambia (1977-1978)
    2. Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (1978-1981)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • President -
    1. Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan, President of Afghanistan (1973-1978)
    2. General Abdul Qadir, President of Afghanistan (1978-1978)
    3. Nur Mohammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (1978-1979)
  • Prime Minister - Nur Mohammad Taraki, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1978-1979)
• Brunei - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
• People's Republic of China
  • De facto Head of State -
    1. Vice Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1976-1978)
    2. Ye Jianying, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1978-1983)
  • Premier - Hua Guofeng, Premier of the State Council (1976-1980)
  • Head of Communist Party - Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1976-1981)
  • De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s - early 1990s)
• India -
  • President - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (1977-1982)
  • Prime Minister - Morarji Desai, Prime Minister of India (1977-1979)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Takeo Fukuda, Prime Minister of Japan (1976-1978)
    2. Masayoshi Ohira, Prime Minister of Japan (1978-1980)
• South Korea -
  • President - Park Chunghee, President of the Republic of Korea (1963-1979)
  • Prime Minister - Choi Kyu-hah, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1975-1979)
• Malaysia
  • Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1975 - 1979)
  • Tun Hussein Onn, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1976-1981)
• Nepal
  • Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime Minister of Nepal (1977-1979)
• Pakistan -
  • President -
    1. Fazal Elahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (1973-1978)
    2. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
  • Head of Government - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Chief Martial Law Administrator (1977-1985)
• Singapore -
  • President - Benjamin Sheares, President of Singapore (1971-1981)
  • Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  • President -
    1. Yen Chia-kan, President of the Republic of China (1975-1978)
    2. Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
  • Premier -
    1. Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Executive Yuan (1972-1978)
    2. Sun Yün-suan, President of the Executive Yuan (1978-1984)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Zelman Cowen, Governor-General of Australia (1977-1982)
  • Prime Minister - Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia (1975-1983)
• New Zealand
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1977-1980)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Muldoon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1975-1984)
• Tuvalu
  1. Became independent member of Commonwealth of Nations, 1 October
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
  • Governor-General - Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978-1986)
  • Prime Minister - Toaripi Lauti, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1978-1981)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974-1981)
    • Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)
• Austria
  • President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974-1986)
  • Chancellor - Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (1970-1983)
• Belgium
  • King - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium (1974-1978)
    2. Paul Vanden Boeynants, Prime Minister of Belgium (1966-1968, 1978-1979)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
  • Prime Minister - Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1975-1982)
• Finland
  • President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956-1981)
  • Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1972-1975, 1977-1979, 1982-1987)
• France -
  • President - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974-1981)
  • Prime Minister - Raymond Barre, Prime Minister of France (1976-1981)
• Federal Republic of Germany -
  • President - Walter Scheel, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1974-1979)
  • Chancellor - Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1974-1982)
• German Democratic Republic -
  • Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
  • Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
  • Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
• Ireland -
  • President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
  • Prime Minister - Jack Lynch, Taoiseach (1977-1979)
• Italy
  • President -
    1. Giovanni Leone, President of the Italian Republic (1971-1978)
    2. Amintore Fanfani, acting President of the Italian Republic (1978)
    3. Sandro Pertini, President of the Italian Republic (1978-1985)
  • Prime Minister - Giulio Andreotti, Prime Minister of Italy (1976-1979)
• Liechtenstein
  • Prince - Prince Franz Josef II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
  • Head of government -
    1. Walter Kieber, Head of Government (1974-1978)
    2. Hans Brunhart, Head of Government (1978-1993)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Grand Duke Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1974-1979)
• Malta
  • President - Anton Buttigieg, President of Malta (1976-1981)
  • Prime Minister - Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta (1971-1984)
• Monaco
  • Monarch - Prince Rainer III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
  • Head of Government - André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco (1972–1981)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - Queen Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948-1980)
  • Prime Minister - Dries van Agt, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1977-1982)
• Poland
  • Communist Party Leader - Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1970-1980)
  • Head of State - Council of State, Chairman - Henryk Jabłoński (1972-1985)
  • Premier - Piotr Jaroszewicz, President of the Council of Ministers (1970-1980)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - King Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
  • Prime Minister - Adolfo Suárez González, Prime Minister of Spain (1976-1981)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - King Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime Minister of Sweden, (1976-1978, 1979-1982)
    2. Ola Ullsten, Prime Minister of Sweden, (1978-1979)
• Switzerland -
  • Swiss Federal Council - Rudolf Gnägi, Ernst Brugger (until 1978), Pierre Graber (until 1978), Kurt Furgler, Willy Ritschard, Hans Hürlimann, Georges-André Chevallaz, Fritz Honegger (since 1978), Pierre Aubert (since 1978)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
  • Prime Minister - James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1976-1979)
• Vatican City
  • Pope -
    1. Paul VI, Bishop of Rome (1963-1978)
    2. John Paul I, Bishop of Rome (1978)
    3. John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
  • Secretary of State - Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot, Cardinal Secretary of State (1969-1979)

Middle East

• Egypt
  • President - Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt (1970-1981)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mamdouh Muhammad Salem, Prime Minister of Egypt (1975-1978)
    2. Mustafa Khalil, Prime Minister of Egypt (1978-1980)
• Israel -
  • President -
    1. Ephraim Katzir, President of Israel (1973-1978)
    2. Yitzhak Navon, President of Israel (1978-1983)
  • Prime Minister - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel (1977-1983)
• Oman - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970-)
• People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
  • President -
    1. Salim Ali Rubai, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1970-1978)
    2. Ali Nasir Mohammed, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1978)
    3. Abdul Fattah Ismail, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1978-1980)
  • Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1971-1986)
• Yemen Arab Republic
  • President -
    1. Ahmed al-Ghashmi, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1977-1978)
    2. Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978)
    3. Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
  • Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1975-1980)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
  • Governor General - Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada (1974-1979)
  • Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (1968-1979) (1980-1984)
• Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-present)
• El Salvador - Carlos Humberto Romero, President of El Salvador (1977–1979)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  • President - Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1976-1987)
  • Prime Minister - Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1956-1981)
• United States - Jimmy Carter, President of the United States (1977-1981)

South America

• Argentina - Jorge Rafael Videla, President of Argentina (1976-1981)
• Bolivia -
  1. Hugo Banzer Suárez, President of Bolivia (1971-1978)
  2. Juan Pereda Asbún, President of Bolivia (1978)
  3. David Padilla Arancibia, Chairman of the Bolivian Junta (1978-1979)
• Brazil - Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (1974-1979)
• Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President (1974-1990)
• Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
• Peru - Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of Peru (1975-1980)