September 16
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September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). There are 106 days remaining.
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Events
- 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
- 1597 - Yi Sun-sin leads 12 ships of the Korean fleet against an invasion by 133 Japanese ships. The Koreans sink 31 enemy ships and force a Japanese retreat.
- 1701 - Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, more commonly referred to as the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England
- 1776 - American Revolutionary War: the Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
- 1795 - United Kingdom conquers Cape Town, South Africa
- 1810 - With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo proclaims Mexico's independence from Spain
- 1812 - Russians set fire to Moscow shortly after midnight - the city is burned down totally days later
- 1829 - The Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829, ends with the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople (Edirne)
- 1893 - Oklahoma Land Race: settlers race for prime land in the Cherokee Strip.
- 1901 - Alturas, California, incorporated as the only city in Modoc County
- 1908 - General Motors is founded.
- 1919 - The American Legion is incorporated.
- 1920 - The Wall Street bombing: a bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J.P.Morgan building in New York City - 33 are killed with 400 injured.
- 1940 - The Selective Service Act is passed, instituting the draft in the United States.
- 1940 - Sam Rayburn elected Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
- 1941 - Concerned that Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Persia was about to align his petroleum-rich country with Germany during World War II, the United Kingdom and the USSR occupy Iran and forced him to resign in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
- 1955 - Juan Perón is deposed in Argentina
- 1956 - Play-Doh is introduced to the world
- 1963 - Malaysia is formed from Malaya, Singapore, British North Borneo(Sabah and Sarawak
- 1966 - The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City to the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera, Antony and Cleopatra.
- 1970 - King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule, resulting in formation of the Black September Palestinian paramilitary unit.
- 1975 - Papua New Guinea gains its independence from Australia.
- 1981 - Sugar Ray Leonard defeats Thomas Hearns by a knockout in round 14 in Las Vegas to unify boxing's world Welterweight championship.
- 1982 - Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon.
- 1984 - Miami Vice first airs on NBC.
- 1987 - The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
- 1991 - The trial of Panamanian "strongman" Manuel Noriega begins in the United States.
- 1992 - Black Wednesday: the Pound Sterling is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the Deutschmark.
- 2000 - Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive.
- 2004 - Hurricane Ivan touches land near Gulf Shores, Alabama, becoming the third costliest hurricane to strike the United States.
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Births
- 1098 - Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess, mystic writer, and composer (d. 1179)
- 1387 - King Henry V of England, (d. 1422)
- 1507 - Jiajing, Emperor of China (d. 1567)
- 1557 - Jacques Mauduit, French composer (d. 1627)
- 1651 - Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician and traveler (d. 1716)
- 1678 - Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (d. 1751)
- 1722 - Gabriel Christie, British general (d. 1799)
- 1725 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (d. 1815)
- 1745 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal, (d. 1813)
- 1782 - Daoguang, Emperor of China (d. 1850)
- 1823 - Francis Parkman, American historian (d. 1893)
- 1827 - Jean Albert Gaudry, French geologist (d. 1908)
- 1853 - Albrecht Kossel, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
- 1875 - James C. Penney, American department store founder (d. 1971)
- 1881 - Clive Bell, English art critic (d. 1964)
- 1883 - T. E. Hulme, English writer (d. 1917)
- 1886 - Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor, painter, and poet (d. 1966)
- 1887 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (d. 1979)
- 1888 - F. E. Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- 1891 - Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-born German World War II spy (d. 1972)
- 1893 - Alexander Korda, Hungarian film director (d. 1956)
- 1893 - Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- 1905 - Vladimír Holan, Czech poet (d. 1980)
- 1910 - Karl Kling, German race car driver (d. 2003)
- 1910 - Erich Kempka, German, Adolf Hitler's car driver (d. 1975)
- 1914 - Allen Funt, American radio and television personality (d. 1999)
- 1916 - M.S. Subbulakshmi, Indian singer (d. 2004)
- 1923 - Lee Kuan Yew, leader of Singapore
- 1924 - Lauren Bacall, American actress
- 1925 - Charlie Byrd, American musician (d. 1999)
- 1925 - B. B. King, American musician
- 1925 - Charles J. Haughey, sixth Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland
- 1927 - Peter Falk, American actor
- 1930 - Anne Francis, American actress
- 1934 - Elgin Baylor, American basketball player
- 1934 - George Chakiris, American actor
- 1935 - Carl Andre, American artist
- 1935 - Bob Kiley, American public transit specialist
- 1937 - Alexander Medved, Russian wrestler
- 1939 - Breyten Breytenbach, South African writer and painter
- 1941 - Richard Perle, American political advisor
- 1943 - James Alan McPherson, American writer
- 1947 - Russ Abbot, British comedian
- 1948 - Ron Blair, American bassist
- 1949 - Ed Begley, Jr., American actor
- 1950 - Loyd Grossman, American television presenter
- 1953 - Eric Vail, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1955 - Janet Ellis, British television presenter
- 1955 - Yolandita Monge, Puerto Rican singer
- 1955 - Robin Yount, baseball player
- 1956 - David Copperfield, American magician
- 1956 - Mickey Rourke, American actor
- 1957 - David McCreery, Northern Irish footballer
- 1958 - Orel Hershiser, baseball player
- 1958 - Jennifer Tilly, American actress
- 1960 - Danny John-Jules, British actor
- 1960 - Kurt Busiek, American comic book writer
- 1963 - Richard Marx, American singer
- 1964 - Molly Shannon, American actress
- 1964 - Mary Coustas, Austalian entertainer
- 1965 - Katy Kurtzman, American actress, director and producer
- 1968 - Marc Anthony, American singer
- 1971 - Amy Poehler, American actress
- 1973 - Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakh professional cyclist
- 1975 - Shannon Noll, Australian singer and actor
- 1981 - Alexis Bledel, American actress
- 1984 - Katie Melua, Georgian singer
- 1986 - Kyla Pratt, American actress
- 1988 - Teddy Geiger, American singer/songwriter
- 1996 - Abigail Breslin, American child actress
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Deaths
- 96 - Domitian, Roman Emperor (b. 51)
- 307 - Flavius Valerius Severus, deposed Roman Emperor (murder)
- 1087 - Pope Victor III
- 1100 - Bernold of Constance, German chronicler
- 1345 - John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
- 1380 - King Charles V of France (b. 1338)
- 1394 - Avignon Pope Clement VII (b. 1342)
- 1406 - Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow
- 1589 - Michael Baius, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)
- 1672 - Anne Bradstreet, American colonial poet
- 1701 - James II of England and VII of Scotland (b. 1633)
- 1736 - Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist (b. 1686)
- 1775 - Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684)
- 1803 - Nicolas Baudin, French explorer (b. 1754)
- 1824 - King Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
- 1864 - John Hanning Speke, English explorer (b. 1827)
- 1865 - Christian Julius De Meza, Danish general (b. 1792)
- 1911 - Edward Whymper, English mountain climber (b. 1840)
- 1925 - Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman, Russian physicist (b. 1888)
- 1932 - Ronald Ross, English physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857)
- 1944 - Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
- 1945 - John McCormack, Irish tenor (b. 1884)
- 1950 - Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881)
- 1973 - Victor Jara, Chilean folk singer and activist (murdered)
- 1975 - Irene Hayes, Ziegfeld girl and businesswoman (b.1896)
- 1977 - Marc Bolan, English musician (b. 1947)
- 1977 - Maria Callas, American-born soprano (b. 1923)
- 1980 - Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896)
- 1993 - Rok Petrovič, Slovenian skier (b. 1966)
- 1996 - McGeorge Bundy, U.S. National Security Advisor (b. 1919)
- 2000 - Georgiy Gongadze, Ukrainian journalist (b. 1969)
- 2001 - Samuel Z. Arkoff, American film producer (b. 1918)
- 2003 - Erich Hallhuber, German actor (b. 1951)
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Holiday and observances
- In ancient Greece, the third day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the initiates walked to the sea at Phaleron and purified themselves in the water.
- RC Saints - Saint Cyprian, Pope Cornelius, Saint Ludmila
- Also see September 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Mexico - Independence Day (from Spain; proclaimed 1810, recognised 1821, instituted 1825; See Fiestas Patrias)
- Papua New Guinea - Independence Day (from Australia, 1975)
- USA - Constitution Day (observed, 2005)
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External links
September 15 · September 17 · August 16 · October 16 · more historical anniversaries
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